《陶村詩稿》中的風土組曲研究——從四季原型等角度加以解讀

A Look at The Research of the Terroir Poetry in Poems of Tao Village from Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays

吾人若將陳肇興《陶村詩稿》全集依其卷帙之先後仔細閱讀，似乎詩作中可看出他生命中的四季。因而本文試就詩稿中與田園山水相關的風土組詩拈出，依弗萊的四季原型加以解讀，並以詩中押韻現象的差異，嘗試解釋所謂「田園文學的時代」傳統讀書人的生命歷程。 詩稿中所錄自咸豐2年（1852）至同治2年（1863）前後12年間，一般以咸豐、同治兩階段分期詩為前後期，今試以其詩作再細分此前後階段為四期：即以前五卷為前期，並以第二卷之〈春田四詠〉及〈秋田四詠〉細分前期為一期及二期。再則將前後期之分界點調整至咸豐十年（1860），以咸豐十一年（1861）之後第六卷至八卷為後期，並就第七卷〈憶故居〉、〈感事漫興〉之前所作為第三期，〈自許厝寮避賊至集集內山次少陵北征韻〉、〈重陽〉、〈感事述懷集杜二十首〉之後為第四期，如此，略可與弗萊四季原型相呼應。 在聲情方面，春天的聲情可由〈春田四詠〉整組詩的基調來體會，至於夏日田園的聲情，在〈秋田四詠〉詩中也可以加以聆聽，秋天的聲情基調在〈山居漫興〉中也可了解此山居時他的悲慨抑鬱。冬季原型的聲情，則可由〈感事述懷集杜二十首並序〉組詩中之用韻可領略那末日之慟，包括自我解嘲以及對於時局的諷刺。至於詩稿的最後一組詩〈亂後初歸里中〉五首之用韻，也可體會他哀慟故園之殘破，一生努力竟成幻滅，這也是《陶村詩稿》八卷次序安排的用意。

According to the context of Chen Chao-Hsing's Poems of Tao Village, we may find some clues of the poet's life, just like the changes of the seasons. As a prototype to analyse the terroir parts which contains poems about fields, gardens and landscapes, and also to compare the differences of the poetic rhythms in the poems with those inAnatomy of Criticism: Four Essays, which is written by Northrop Frye. We try to discovery the backgrounds and stories of the contemporary scholars and students, which lives in“The Age of Fields and Gardens Literary”. The writing background of the contextis Qing dynasty, or to be more precise, is from the second year of Xianfeng's reign(1852) to the second year of Tongzhi's reign(1863). Generally speaking, Poems of Tao Villageis divided into two sections: front sections and back sections. Now for the reason to more carefully and more precisely analysis, we are trying to take the context into consideration of new divide. Those finished before the tenth year of Xianfeng's reign(1860) are classified as front sections, including the first , the second, the third, the fourth, and the fifth parts of the full poems. In the front sections, the poems Four Chant of Spring Fields and Four Chant of Fall Fieldsin the second parts are seemed as a divide, classify the front sections into the first phase and the second phase. The others finished after the eleventh year of Xianfeng's reign(1861) are classified as back sections, including the sixth to eighth parts of the full poems. In the back sections, before the poems Memory the Residenceand Random Feelingsin the seventh part are seemed as a divide, classify the front sections into the third phase and the fourth phase. Because of the four phases, we can mention the poems and Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essaysin the same breath. On the side of poetic rhyme and emotions, Four Chant of Spring Fieldsis associated with spring, the first essay of the Fyre’ s theory. With Four Chant of Fall Fieldsas its representitive, summer symbolizes the context of the poems. Fall is represented by Random Feelings of Mountain Living, for its sorrows and pains. As to winter, the Sentiment Expresseswhich uses lots of Du's poems may be seemed as representation, to demonstrate the mockery, not only to the world, but to himself, also. In the end of the poems, Just Return Home after the War, a series poems, we can experience the poet's sorrows about losing home and country, and all his efforts go down the drain. That is, we can guess the reason why the poet composing eight parts of Poems of Tao Village.