明代陸西星的雙修丹法

Lu Xi-Sheng's Dan Law of Body and Mind

陸西星在世時雖有修道同志數人，卻未形成派別，也無具體的傳代字號與法脈延續，後人尊稱為「東派」祖師，用來彰顯陸西星在內丹史上的重要地位，被視為道教內丹雙修理論的集大成者。陸西星避免前人丹道理論的晦澀與故弄玄虛等缺失，能獨運匠心，有系統地闡明雙修丹法的原理與法則，將陰陽逆合而成丹的學說發揮了淋漓盡致，提出陰陽互藏的新見解，主張將男女精氣經由後天修煉重返先天真元，達到陰陽得類與男女相須的境界。陸西星認為丹道主要就建立在一陰一陽的盜機逆用工夫，在天地精氣的參與中得以逆轉乾坤，重構完好無損的生命本真。雙修不是掉落到男女個體的性欲執著，要求的是直接契合於陰陽妙竅的性命本源，在正念當前下得以忘情空色，在聚精會神中達到一心歸命的境界。陸西星的雙修丹法是居於丹道承先啟後的位置，延續著唐宋以來的內丹學說與法脈，開啟了丹道東派與西派的雙修法門，是有其不可抹殺的歷史地位。陸西星最大的貢獻，就是建構了完整性的男女雙修理論，在論述上比前人有著更大的突破，「互藏」與「同類」等說，使陰陽雙修的實踐更具系統性。雖然具體的修持方法仍不著於文字，不肯輕洩於人，但是已有較為豐富的描述與探討，有助於後代雙修法門的開展。

Lu Xi-Sheng, the founding father of ‘East School,’ had a few number of friends but his theory had been adapted as the Monasticism even the next generations didn’t inherited his significant Buddhist name and monastic methods. However, the ‘East School’ was prominent name estimated his historical position in the field of Inner Alchemy when people considered him as the synthesizer of ‘Theory of Dan Law of Mind and Body.’ With systematic principles and simple, clear methods, the Dan Law gave prominent understandings between Yin and Yang in order to promote the anti-synthesis of Yin and Yang. Lu Xi-Sheng shared new ideas of accumulation of Yin and Yang—the essences of men and women backed to the primitive nature in terms of practice in order to get the categories of Yin and Yang and some certain phases of being men and women. The Dan Law focused on essence of heaven and earth to reverse the course of events involved in a Yin and a Yang which established the intact life essences. Mind and Body was the life spring of Yin and Yang, not the sexuality between men and women, in which men and women forgot sexuality and emotion at the significant moments; therefore, men and women could enter the world of mind and spirit, the methods of Buddhist. Within its significant historical position that opened a new path of Mind and Body Famennian between ‘East School’ and ‘West School,’ the Dan Law inherited the principles and methods of Taoism from Tang and Song Dynasties. The famous contribution of Dan Law gave systematic Dan-Law-Theory between men and women which was accurately intended to practice the principles of ‘hiding with each other’ and ‘the same categories.’ Although the significant methods were not ‘words and writings,’ the Dan Law gave lots of famous descriptions and discussions in which the next generations knew the paths of Body and Mind.