從「詩文學聯邦」到「詩文學邦聯」：論80至90年代新詩社群的結構與思維

From”Poem-Literature Union”to”United Poem and Literature Groups”: On the structure and deliberation of the Modern-poem communities of 1980s and 1990s.

從歷時性的角度觀察詩社（刊）的場域，我們不難發現在詩史的長流裡，詩社（刊）扮演著詩潮內主導或改變的角色，不同的群體透過不同的鏈結，形成不同的運動與運作，力圖去形成或改變時代意識，見證時代思維，推動時代潮流。林燿德曾經以「文學集團」與「集團文學」來區分「5-60年代」與「七0年代」台灣詩壇的詩社群組成狀態，他認為5-60年代的台灣詩壇屬於「文學集團」時代，個別集團或許擁有共同的宣言與號召，卻容納了不同風格與取向的詩人，仍然倚仗以情感凝聚的「人的組合」進行交互作用。而70年代則屬於「集團文學」的時代，集團內組成分子在主題與價值觀的認識上有濃厚的統一與認同，形成各種類型化的「觀念的整合」。然而，我們可以發現八0年代以降新成立的詩社群，已經產生離異於林氏所區分的某種新的思維，或將可以稱之八0年代的「詩文學聯邦」與九0年代的「詩文學邦聯」，本文便從這樣的角度出發，討論八、九0年代詩社群的結構與思維，以銜接過去學者的詩史論述。

It's not diffcuclt to find out that the poem societies play the leading role in the change of poem writing history. Different groups, with different connection, form different movement and manipulation, and try to establish or to transform the consciousness of the time, to witness the way of thinking of the time, and to give an impetus to the time. Lin Yiou-der had differentiated between Taiwan poem societies of 1950~60's and 1970's with“Literature Groups”and“Literature of Groups”. He declared, in the 1950~60's, the“Literature Groups”time, a poem society might have its own manifesto or idea, but it could tolerant the poets with different styles even those who with different point of view. They connected to each other with emotions, and with“combination of human”. On the other hand, the 1970's is the time of“Literature of Groups”, the members of a society are extremly the same in their ultima concerns and values. This leads to“Intergradation of Idea”. However, we find out that the new poem societies/communities are different from Lin's observation. Maybe we can named they as“Poem-Literature Union”of the 1980's and“United Poem and Literature Groups”of the 1990's. Based on such a view point, this dissertation will analysis the structure and deliberation of the Modern-poem communities of 1980s and 1990s, to continue the poem history discussion.