務實的抵抗：MeToo新世代中國女權主義實踐（2018-2023）

Pragmatic Resistance of the New Generation of Feminists in China since the #MeToo Movement (2018-2023)

在經歷了2013年以來社會管制的急劇强化和對抗空間的猛烈壓縮後，中國社會中的諸多行動者們及其所串聯的社群成員有的彼此失散，有的被迫失聲。中國的女權主義行動雖也歷經打擊和低谷，不同階段所湧現的引領者和參與者們卻維繫了女性議題具備的抵抗能量，亦更新了對抗性的策略。2018年至今，MeToo新世代的中國女權主義者在策略上採取了務實的抵抗。從視覺維度的話語游擊戰，文本檔案化和協同翻譯，到聽覺維度的聲音另類媒體，新世代女權主義者在網路審查、制度黑洞與國族主義的圍堵下展開了多個層面的務實抵抗實踐。務實的抵抗以網路空間為主要基地，偶爾溢出到實體空間，在數位威權打壓之下展現出快速變通。MeToo新世代女權主義者的務實抵抗一方面呼應了Chua（2012）對這一概念的界定：在法律框架內尋求文化合法性，避免被視作是現行制度和系統的反叛者。另一方面，中國MeToo和後MeToo時代的女權實踐有著明顯的去政治化傾向，回避了MeToo的變革性訴求與父權國家威權制度的根本性衝突。此外，務實的抵抗在保護女性行動能見度的同時，也造成了中國女權主義者之間的分化和内耗。

After the drastic intensification of social control and fierce compression of the space for resistance since 2013, many activists and their affiliated community members in Chinese society have become disconnected from each other, some forced into silence. Despite setbacks and lows, the feminist movements in China have maintained their resistance energy, with emerging leaders and participants in different phases continually renewing their strategies. Since 2018, the new generation of Chinese feminists in the MeToo and post-MeToo era has adopted pragmatic resistance strategies. From visual discursive guerrilla warfare and collaborative translation to auditory alternative media, these new generation feminists have engaged in multifaceted pragmatic resistance amid internet censorship, institutional voids, and the encroachment of nationalism. The“pragmatic resistance”of the new generation of feminists echoes this concept initially proposed by Chua (2012): seeking cultural legitimacy within the legal framework, avoiding being seen as rebels against the existing system. Meanwhile, the demonstrated strategies of pragmatic resistance exhibit a noticeable depoliticization tendency, avoiding the fundamental conflicts between MeToo’s transformative demands and the authoritarian patriarchal state system. Additionally, while pragmatic resistance preserves the visibility of feminist actions, it has also led to divisions and internal conflicts among Chinese feminists.