從הוּרהָוֹהְי至πνεῦμα：古希伯來——希臘文化「精神」觀念之體系性詮釋學生成史觀

Fromהוּרהָוֹהְיtoπνεῦμα: A Systemic-hermeneutic Genesis-History of Idea of“Spirit”in Ancient Hebrew and Greek Culture

在西方思想文化史中，精神或靈之觀念可謂多元又一體、即具傳承即創新、又充滿哲學與神學辯證過程之文化際融合概念。若能理解此觀念在西方、特別是其於猶太——基督宗教中的生成發展史，對於此觀念於西方文明之整體脈絡中之神學意義應有其價值，也可對當代東西方文化際對話有所助益。因此，本文嘗試以體系性詮釋學的思想史思維進路——亦即所謂辯證性觀念史思路——精義地概論精神於西方文化起源處之基源意義生成，特別是：一方面緣起於古希伯來文化亦即其聖經文本者，二方面生發於古希臘文化者。

In the intellectual history of Western culture, spirit is a multifaceted concept, one that fuses together ideas of various cultures, and at times serves as an expression of tradition, at others innovation. It is a concept formed in the dialectical process between philosophy and theology. An understanding of the concept of spirit in Western history, especially its genesis and development in the context of ancient Hebrew and Christian religion, is valuable in grasping its theological meaning in the entire context of Western civilization. Moreover, such an understanding would be helpful in contemporary intercultural dialogues between the East and the West. Therefore, through a systematic and hermeneutical approach to intellectual history, what might also be referred to as an approach concerned with the dialectical history of concepts, this paper attempts to provide a concise overview of the original meanings and formation of the concept, as well as its place in the cultural origins of Western civilization. The paper especially focuses on the following aspects of the concept: 1) its emergence in ancient Hebrew culture and the texts of the Hebrew Bible; and 2) its development in ancient Greek culture.