以人因設計視角探究台灣足療師職業傷害歷程及干預措施

To explore the occupational injury course and intervention measures of Taiwan foot therapist from the perspective of human factors design

很多研究證明足部反射療法已做為醫學補充療法或替代療法的一部分。在台灣足部反射療法避免聲稱具醫學療效而抵觸法令，政府將其歸類在民俗調理範圍內。很少研究針對不同足部反射療法派別工作者實際狀況、使用設備及勞損狀況做調查。足療師是一項耗費體力的工作，其中與工作相關的肌肉骨骼疾病和傷害隨著時間的推移與相互作用的人因工程設計因素相關聯。
本研究以觀察法及面對面訪談問卷調查59名足療師，分為吳若石神父全人發展協會(FJM)及非吳若石神父全人發展協會(NFJM)兩組，調查地點為台灣北部、中部、南部和東部地區，共發放問卷60份，收回問卷59份，回收率為98.3%。觀察法係以照相方式對足療師的施作「姿勢」、「力道」、「關節彎曲度」、「有無使用輔助工具」以及「環境及相關設備」等項目進行紀錄與分析，而結構化問卷方式採立意抽樣方法，內容包括: (1)基本資料，(2)生活狀況，(3)工作狀況，(4)骨骼肌肉疼痛量表等。其中骨骼肌肉疼痛量表為改良式北歐骨骼肌肉疼痛量表，採0-5點式，0為不痛，5為極度疼痛。用以調查台灣足療師工作狀況及肌肉骨骼不適問題。隨後，使用SPSS V22對數據進行統計。
研究結果發現：(1)足部反射療法有不同分支，足療師均受過時間長短不一的訓練；(2)台灣足底按摩最大的不同關鍵在於採取人因工程學措施，包括操作姿勢、輔助工具的不同和使用，這些都會影響肌肉骨骼損傷的程度；(3)FJM足療師肌肉骨骼傷害低於NFJM足療師；(4)需為多數足療師設計符合人因設備工具。

This study aimed to investigate differences in musculoskeletal injury among different branches of foot reflexology in Taiwan. In this study, 59 foot reflexology were surveyed by observation method and face-to-face interview questionnaire. The survey sites are the northern, central, southern, and eastern regions of Taiwan.
60 questionnaires were distributed, and 59 questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 98.3%. Reflexologists is a physical exertion critical task where work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries are associated with interacting ergonomic design factors over time. The observation method records and analyzes the podiatrist's ''posture'', ''strength'', ''joint curvature'', ''use of auxiliary tools'', ''environment and related equipment'' and other items by taking pictures.
The questionnaire adopts the intentional sampling method. This study utilized four questionnaires: 1) basic information, 2) living conditions, 3) working conditions, 4) musculoskeletal pain scale scale. The musculoskeletal pain scale is a modified Nordic musculoskeletal pain scale. This study adopted a 0–5 point scale, with 0 indicating no pain, Finally, five indicates extreme pain, and the body cannot move independently. To investigate the working conditions and musculoskeletal pain of Taiwan reflexologists. Subsequently, data were counted using SPSS V22.
The results show that: (1) There are different branches of foot reflexology, and the training time of foot reflex therapists is different; (2) The biggest difference between foot reflexology in Taiwan lies in take human factors engineering measures, including the posture of the manipulation, the difference of and the use of auxiliary tools, which will affect the degree of musculoskeletal injuries; (3) FJM foot reflex therapists have lower musculoskeletal injuries than NFJM foot reflex therapists; (4) Most foot reflex therapists require ergonomically designed equipment and tools.