新冠肺炎疫情對護理職場之衝擊及改善策略──生態系統理論之應用

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses and an Ecological System Theory-Based Strategy for Reducing This Impact in the Future

漫長的新冠肺炎疫情讓護理人員身心不堪負荷而陸續離開職場，導致護理人力短缺。近期護理勞動議題備受重視，身心健全的護理人員才能夠提供良好的照護品質。本文以Bronfenbrenner的生態系統理論探討新冠肺炎疫情對護理職場的影響，並根據國內外文獻建議提出具體的護理職場改善策略。以生態系統理論剖析疫情造成護理人員身心俱疲的因素，可歸納為「準備度不足」、「缺乏安全及變動的工作環境」、「家庭與工作的衝突」、「大眾恐慌使其遭受歧視」及「身心健康的預後發展」。不論在疫情高峰或後疫情時代，護理職場應重視人力重整和專業賦能，建議提供多元教育方案、友善健康職場政策、新冠肺炎病人輕重分流收治、護理專業形象美化、心理輔導追蹤和變革式領導賦能，協助護理人員提升其自信和應變能力來應對繁重的防疫工作。希冀藉由此文的分享，可以提供未來醫療體系在面臨新興傳染疾病，能夠提供完善的護理工作職場環境，並引領大眾重視護理專業之發展。

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant burnout among nurses, resulting in a shortage of nursing staff. Issues related to nursing work have received significant attention recently, and only healthy nurses are capable of providing good quality patient care. The authors employed Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and proposed specific strategies and recommendations to enhance the nursing workplace. Under the Ecological System Theory, several factors, including inadequate preparedness, dangerous working environment, work-family conflicts, discrimination due to public panic, and health damage, contribute to nurse burnout. Whether during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to provide education programs to enhance the professional abilities of nurses, foster policies that promote a positive practice work environment, implement a triage system based on the severity of patients, elevate the image of the nursing profession, monitor the health of nurses, and advocate for transformational leadership. The nursing workplace should help nurses gain greater confidence and improve their ability to handle various workplace challenges. In the future, medical institutions should provide a better work environment for nurses and expect the public to pay more attention to the development of the nursing profession.