看見她們的身影：穿梭在戰後臺灣社區間的衛生所公共衛生護士（1950-1970年代）

Encountering Their Silhouettes: The Public Health Nurses of Public Health Centers Who Traveled through Households in Taiwan (1950s–1970s)

護士（日治時期稱為看護婦）在日治時期是一個女性新興職業，至1980年代之前，亦由女性獨佔該項工作。臺灣地區公共衛生工作之推廣始於日治時期，特別是日治後期的「保健婦」一職，可說是臺灣公共衛生護士之先驅。1945年中華民國政府治臺後，在美援以及政府資源的投注下，遍及各鄉鎮的衛生所成為臺灣最基層的公共衛生機關，其中負責宣導各項衛生事務、預防保健、婦幼衛生、傳染病防治相關知識與政策者，即是公共衛生護士。除在衛生所執行其業務外，公共衛生護士最重要的工作之一即是家庭訪視，她們運用自身的女性角色與家庭主婦建立關係，在家庭訪視過程中不僅觀察受訪家庭的生活實況，同時傳達「正確的」衛生知識。本文擬運用檔案、衛生類雜誌、農復會工作報告，以及報紙等資料，透過1950至70年代衛生所公共衛生護士的培訓、衛生所工作的實作及家庭訪視，呈現出戰後臺灣衛生所公共衛生護士的形象，以及衛生知識如何在衛生所護士與婦女間流動。

Being a nurse, called kangofu看護婦, was a new occupation for women during the period of Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule, a profession which was only occupied by women until the 1980s. The promotion of public health work in Taiwan began during the Japanese colonial period, especially in the later part with the rise of health care workers, hokenfu保健婦, who can be viewed as the pioneers of Taiwan’s public health nurses. After the retrocession of Taiwan to the Republic of China in 1945, under the support of U.S. aid and government resources, the public health centers established throughout the township level became the most basic public health institution in Taiwan. Operating from these centers, public health nurses became mainly responsible for publicizing various health affairs, promoting the knowledge of health policies, preventive health care, maternal and pediatric health, as well as infectious disease prevention and control. In addition to performing these public health duties, one of the most important tasks of public health nurses was home visits. They utilized their female roles to establish relationships with housewives, and during the visits, they not only observed the living conditions of the families in question, but also disseminated“correct”health knowledge. Through archives, health magazines, work reports, and newspapers, this article demonstrates that when considering the training of public health nurses at public health centers as well as their public health work and home visit practices from the 1950s to 1970s, one can apprehend the image of these nurses and how public health knowledge was circulated between them and women in post-war Taiwan.