試論王龍溪「樂」感本體宇宙論

An Analysis of Wang Longxi’s Ontological Cosmology based on A Sense of“Happiness”

本文旨在揭顯陽明心學重要人物──王龍溪具體宇宙論圖像，以補上龍溪思想重要一隅。經研究，龍溪宇宙論重要概念為「太虛」與「太極──天地之息」。龍溪相當強調，「太極──天地之息」在「太虛」「虛寂之體」制馭下，於天地人物間，時時貫徹周流、造化，時時自然地翕聚發散，對「倫物」進行「仁」「忘」一體無分別的「感觸神應」。這樣的「感觸」，是一種「與物同體」、「生生之機」的大自在「樂」感；這樣「樂」感所神應到的，是該「倫物」的太虛造化生生之理。龍溪思維裡有個「樂感」本體宇宙論，這是視世界為實有、生生、活潑與一體的「物理」宇宙。龍溪便是以這樣「物理」實有世界觀，辨佛老二氏之非，而被時人視為有功聖門的重要一環。

This essay aims to manifest the image of concrete cosmology of Wang Longxi, an important figure of the philosophy of mind advocated by Wang Yang Ming, to give an additional account of the importance of Longxi thought. According to research,“taixu”(the void) and“taiji (the supreme ultimate)——the breath of heaven and earth”is the important concept of Longxi’s cosmology. Longxi considerably stressed“taiji——the breath of heaven and earth”under the control of“emptiness of the material world in essence”of taixu constantly carries through circulation and creator and naturally converges and diverges among figures of heaven and earth to conduct“mercy”and“forgetfulness”of integrative and indistinctive“thoughts and feelings response of divinity”on“the nature or laws of things for principles of human relations”. Such“thoughts and feelings”are great omnipotence for a sense of“happiness”that“forming one body with all things”and“chance of life”; a response of spirits by such a sense of“happiness”is the life principle of the void creator for“the nature or laws of things for principles of human relations”. Cosmology of the ontology based on the sense of happiness in Longxi’s thoughts considers the world as a cosmos of reality, creation, liveliness and integrativeness of“the nature or laws of things”. Longxi took such a real worldview of“the nature or laws of things”to debate the improperness between Buddhist thought and Lao Zi and Chuang Tzu’s Thoughts that are considered by people as an important element of meritorious sacred gate.