臺北市都市公園的歷史與地理空間解析

Historical and Spatial Analysis of Urban Parks in Taipei City

日本統治臺灣時期，為改善公共衛生，將歐美近代都市公園概念引進臺灣。1937年臺北市都市計畫、土地區劃整理雖有規畫公園系統與鄰里公園，但因戰爭之故，多未興建。戰後，政府以軍事、經濟發展為要，國民休憩設施長期受忽視，導致公園保留地遭佔用或變更用途，不得不借用堤外的河濱公園作為市民的休憩設施。然而河濱公園為行水區，平日是休憩公園，遇颱風、暴雨則是疏洪河道，與平日可及性低等問題，無法完全取代公園的功能。本論文首先利用文獻、資料，梳理臺北市鄰里公園與河濱公園的發展歷程。其次，依資料統計出舊臺北市區堤內都市公園與堤外河濱公園面積後，利用地理資訊系統（GIS）技術、圖資套疊並製成圖示，以進行空間解析。探討後得知，舊臺北市都市公園配置空間不均，河濱公園並無法真正解決休閒空間不足的問題，繼而提出建言以提供臺北都市公園未來規劃之參考。

The European and American urban park systems were introduced to Taiwan during the Japanese colonial era in order to improve public health. In the 1937 Urban Planning and subsequent Regional Planning programs, the City of Taipei planned many urban parks and neighborhood parks, but most of the planned parks were not constructed due to the war. After World War II, many reserved parks were re-zoned as military bases or for economic developments as those were the priority in the eyes of the government at the time. Taipei residents had to use the riverside parks outside the embankment for leisure. The riverside parks are parks in the water zone, and they serve as flood-discharge channels during typhoons or heavy rainfall. Although they can be used as recreational parks when the weather is fine, they do not provide the complete functions of parks due to limited accessibility. This paper first discusses the history and development of parks in Taipei City based on existing literature and historical data. It then analyzes the distribution of parks by compiling statistics, overlaying maps for comparison, and using geographic information system (GIS) technology for spatial analysis. This paper concludes that Taipei’s urban parks are unevenly distributed and riverside parks are insufficient to serve as solutions to expand green space. This paper provides references for future urban park planning.