社區工作者之專業知能運用與學習來源分析

An Analysis of Practical Application and Learning Sources of Professional Competences among Community Workers

本研究關注社區工作者的專業知能，從工作者的觀點蒐集受訪者對於專業知能的認識程度與學習來源，及在重要、運用、純熟程度之評價。本研究自文獻與學理歸納出十七項社區工作專業知能，對全國全職社區工作者進行問卷調查，並有163位工作者接受調查。研究發現：依受訪者回答，有八項知能可歸屬為「熟悉」，且專業知能的學習來源偏重於「實務工作經驗」，而非學校課程教導或實務研習；又各專業知能中，「面對敵對者的應對」、「創造挑戰性任務」、「擾動社區議題」、「組織居民」與「個別指導」等五項知能明顯缺乏。此外，非社工專業背景之工作者，缺乏認識社區、個案管理及團體工作技巧運用的概念。作者基於研究發現，提出宜強化社區工作在職訓練等建議。

This research focuses on the application of community workers’professional competences and their learning sources. A questionnaire including 17 competences drawn from academic theories was administered to community workers. 163 workers were surveyed and the gap between academic expectations and practical operations was also explored. The research found that: According to the respondents’answers, there are 8 competences that can be classified as“familiarity”, and the most important learning source of competences was“practical work experience”rather than“school”or“practical training”. In addition, five professional competencies were classified as severely lacking, namely“response to hostiles,”“creating challenging tasks,”“stirring the community,”“organizing residents,”and“individual guidance.”The respondents with non-social work professional backgrounds lacked the concepts of understanding community, case management, and group work skills in the application of professional competencies. Based on the research findings, the author suggests strengthening the on-the-job training of community work.