請求權在行政法上的功能定位

在行政法學理和裁判的共同作用下，請求權成為我國行政法體系的結構性要素。請求權不僅是行政訴訟原告資格的基礎，有時也成為法院審查的重要內容。但請求權與行政法體系的適配性存疑。請求權的證成面臨困境，請求權的必要性受到質疑，行政訴訟法從屬實體法也被當作先驗的邏輯前提。功能上，請求權既可以對行政實體法律關係進行具體化，溝通實體法與訴訟法，也能作為行政訴訟的程序控制機制。在行政活動形式主導的行政法體系中，請求權經常被行政行為遮蔽。應該在明確行政行為和請求權功能射程的前提下，確立請求權的獨特價值，實現二者的功能互補。具體而言，請求權與行政行為可以從不同視角對行政實體法律關係進行具體化。是否要用請求權溝通行政實體法與訴訟程序，屬立法政策範疇，不存在唯一結論，但請求權有利於協調實體法及其訴訟實施。而基於私人權利保護和徹底解決行政爭議的需要，請求權和行政行為可以成為不同類型訴訟的程序控制機制。

With the joint impact of administrative law theories and court decisions, claim (or Anspruch in German) has become a structural element of China's administrative law system. Claim not only serves as a benchmark for judging the standing in administrative litigation, but is also an important element of judicial review from time to time. However, there are doubts about the suitability of claim and administrative law system: the proof of claim faces difficulties, the necessity of claim is doubted, and the subordination of administrative procedure law to administrative substantive law is treated as an a priori logical premise. Functionally, claim can not only concretize administrative substantive legal relationship, bridge administrative substantive law and administrative procedure law, but also can serve as a procedural control mechanism of administrative litigation. In the administrative law system dominated by forms of administrative activities, claim is often obscured by the administrative act. The unique value of claim can only be discovered under the condition of clarifying the functional range of claims and administrative acts. Specifically, claim and administrative act can be combined with each other to concretize administrative legal relationships from different perspectives. Whether to use claims to bridge the administrative substantive law and administrative procedure law belongs to scope of legislative policy and there is no exclusive conclusion. Instead, based on the need for right protection and thorough settlement of disputes, claims and administrative acts can be procedural control mechanisms for different types of administrative litigations.