“普遍嫌疑”及其規制，以德國法為借鑒

“嫌疑程度”理論，要求刑事訴訟的啟動必須至少有初始嫌疑，不能僅憑單純的猜測。但隨著“犯罪預防優先”理念的滲入以及警務情報機構向刑事司法的滲入，以大規模監控、大規模數據儲存以及大數據分析為典型代表的犯罪預防方法開始成為各國強力遏制犯罪尤其是有組織犯罪的重要工具。因為這些犯罪預防方法不需要達致任何程度的嫌疑，故其實施依據的標準可稱為“普遍嫌疑”。“普遍嫌疑”對刑事訴訟的價值、無罪推定及公民的個人基本權利保障均造成了極大的衝擊甚至顛覆，因此從基本權干預的角度，應確立法律保留、比例原則以及救濟機制以進行規制。

According to the“suspicion degree”theory, the initiation of criminal proceedings is at least based on a preliminary suspicion, and cannot be based solely on simple guesswork. However, with the permeation of the concept of“priority of crime prevention”and the increasingly participation of intelligence agencies in criminal justice, crime prevention approach, represented by large-scale monitoring, large-scale data storage and big data analytics, has become an important tool of states to suppress crime forcefully, especially organized crime. Because these crime prevention methods can be implemented without achieving any degree of suspicion, the standard on which they are based is called“general suspicion”causing great impact—even subversion—on the value of criminal proceedings, the presumption of innocence and the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. Therefore, from the perspective of intervention on fundamental rights, the principle of legal reservation, the principle of proportionality and relief mechanisms should be established in order to regulate the“general suspicion”.