臺灣產南方靈芝（樹舌亞屬，靈芝科〉之初步研究

Preliminary Investigations of Ganoderma australe (Subgen. Elfvingia) in Taiwan

自臺灣各地區濶葉樹採獲樹舌亞屬之標本12個，並自菌體組織獲得純培養。依據形態特徵，鑑定本種為南方靈芝Ganderma australe (Fr.) Pat.。菌絲純培養經雜木屑人工培養基栽培，生成子實體。成功分離出菌株TAI-01之單孢系20個，由單孢系自身交配，顯示本種之交配系統為異株型、四極性。利用人工純培養菌株生長特性及單──雙核交配反應，本種尚可區分二羣。第一羣（包括7個菌株）其最適生長溫度是28-32°C，平均生長速率為每日6.2mm，單–雙核交配成親和反應。第二羣（包括5個菌株）其最適生長溫度是24-28°C，平均生長速率為每日4.0mm，單–雙核交配成不親和反應。因此，作者認為臺灣的南方靈芝已存在2個「雜交不孕性羣」。由美國及荷蘭菌種中心購入之5株樹舌靈芝（G. lipsiense）參考菌株，其中ATCC 32585雙核菌株分離自印度熱帶地區的濶葉樹，能和臺灣的南方靈芝TAI-01單孢系菌株成親和反應，並且最適生長溫度及生長速率均類似於第一羣，推測本菌株可能和臺灣的南方靈芝同為一種。所有標本及純培養均貯存於國立臺灣大學植物學系，菌類實驗室。

Twelve specimens of Ganoderma, subgen. Elfvingia (Karst.) Imazeki were collected from hardwoods at several locations in Taiwan, and pure cultures were isolated. Based on morphology of the basidiocarps, all specimens were identified as Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. Monokaryotic cultures were obtained from basidiospores of artificially cultivated fruitbodies of the isolate TAI-01. The mating system was determined as heterothallic and tetrapolar. Using cultural studies and compatibility by dikaryon-monokaryon mating reactions, these isolates could be separated into two groups. Isolates of Group 1 (including 7 isolates) had an average growth rate of 6.2 mm/day at its optimum temperature range of 28-32°C. The di-mon matings were compatible. Isolates of Group 2 (including 5 isolates from the high altitude collection) had an average growth rate of 4.0 mm/ day at its optimum temperature range of 24-28°C. The di-mon matings were incompatible. It is concluded that there are two ''intersterility groups'' of G. australe in Taiwan. Four monokaryotic isolates representing the mating types from Taiwanese collection of G. australe TAI-01 were mated with five isolates under the name of G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (= G. lipsiense (Batsch) Atk.) obtained from ATCC or CBS. ATCC 32585, isolated from a tropical hardwood in India, was compatible with monokaryotic isolate TAI-01, and had a similar growth temperature requirement than Group 1 of G. australe from Taiwan. The other four isolates of G. lipsiense, ATCC 32586, CBS 175.30, 187.31, 250.61, were incompatible with G. australe TAI-01. ATCC 32585 of G. lipsiense is, thus, probably identical to G. australe.