《西遊記》形塑豬八戒好色之文化與文學淵源考述

'The Journey to the West'' ZhuBajie with Lecherous Culture and the Literary Origin Textual Criticism

論豬之文學形象，當屬《西遊記》豬八戒之好色形象最具代表性。根據前賢研究，往往認為《搜神記．豬臂金鈴》的「母豬精」一角，是「豬為好色」形象的重要出處之一。然而，該形象並非始終如一，而是隨著社會環境的變遷、宗教文化及文人的推波助瀾等多重因素影響，成為群體有意識的認同，並成為日後約定俗成的非理性情欲象徵。本篇以《西遊記》豬八戒之外在形貌與內在特質為發想，分為兩點討論：一是以神話傳說為研究，探析從「豬」至「人」的形貌流變，對豬之形象發展的影響；二是以六朝及唐代的短篇文言志怪小說為研究，分析豬之形象從「性淫」至「好色」的形象變化的發展。

On the literary image of pigs, it is the most representative of the lecherous image of Zhu Bajie in ''Journey to the West''. That is often thought to be derived from “JhuBi JinLing” in the SouShenJi. The sow monster of JhuBi JinLing is one of the important sources about the image of “the Pig is Lustful”. However, the image is not always the same, which has followed social environment's change, religious influences, the literature popularizations, and other factors. The lecherous image of the pig became a conscious identification of the group and became a symbol of irrational lust that would later become conventional. This article takes the external appearance and inner characteristics of Zhu Bajie in ''Journey to the West'' as the idea, which will focus on two points, one is according to myths and legends, explore the impact of the morphological changes from ''pig'' to ''human'' on the development of the image of pigs. The other is based on the short strange stories in classical Chinese of the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, which analyzes the development of the image of the pig from ''sexual lewdness'' to ''lecherousness''.