英文摘要 |
The method of comparative research was used in the present study to explore the different official positions between the manufacturing supervision system of bronze inscriptions of the Qin State characters of the Warring States period and Chou Li(《周禮》) by historic literatures. There were eighty articles of the manufacturing supervision system in bronze inscriptions of the Qin State characters. They reflected two literary features. One thoroughly spread out the process of the manufacturing supervision system from the supervisor serving as the chief executive of the central government or head of local administration to manufacturers. The other concisely writed manufacturing organization and artisans. This paper sorted out articles of manufacturing supervision system in bronze inscriptions of the Qin State characters. This reveals the complete process of the manufacturing supervision system arranged from a supervisor who was a central or local administrative head, to manufacturing organization and management officials, to official assistants, and to foundry craftsmen. “Kao Gong Ji”(〈考工記〉) by historic literature showed that the different artifacts were made by different craftsmen, and there was a division of labor among artisans. Although “Winter Department”(〈冬官〉) which was one of the chapters of Chou Li has been lost, through the manner of writing of Chou Li, it can be known that the top the manager of the production department was “Si Kong”(司空), and each position also had assistants to assist in the manufacture of utensils. By comparing with the official system between the unearthed documents and historic literatures, only the names of the official positions “Lin Ren” (廩人) and “Gong” (工) are the same, but the contents of the two positions are different. Besides, the official system of artifact manufacturing between the unearthed documents and historic literatures is different. According to this paper's observation, there are two causes for the differences between historic literatures and bronze inscriptions of the Qin State characters. One was that national policy and administrative system were changed from Shang Yang's innovation, and the other was that Chou Li and “Kao Gong Ji” didn’t reflect the process of utensils manufacturing in the Warring States period. |