王陽明致良知教之道德規範根源與動力論

The Source of Moral Normativity and Motivation in Wang Yangming's Teaching of zhi liang-chi

本文對陽明學進行一充份的文獻分析，以申論陽明的道德哲學是一內在論的型態。本文首先說明所謂「理由論」的意義，以見出真正的關鍵是實踐理性或良知是否具有道德行動的動力。由於陽明學是一工夫進路的「成德之教」，本文進而綜述陽明在依朱子之「格物窮理」的工夫進行實踐時所遇到的困難，最後採用程明道與李延平的工夫進路，突破朱子工夫論中的「心理為二」的錯誤，而由工夫實踐中建立「心即理」、「心外無理」、「心外無物」的「致良知教」。本文展示陽明如何批判朱子之工夫論，而有「知行合一」、「靜坐」與「致良知」的工夫的實踐方法。本文由詳細分析陽明的「知行合一」與「致良知」的兩種工夫的論述，確立陽明的道德學乃是一「簡單的純道德的內在論」。

Through detailed analysis, this paper establishes that Wang Yangming's moral philosophy is an internalism. First, I explain why the major issue of the division of internalism and externalism is whether practical reason or liang-chi have the motivational force in moral action. Because Wang Yangming's philosophy is a “teaching of moral person” with a moral cultivation or kung-fu approach, I make a fairly detail analysis of his difficulties in practicing Zhu Xi‘s method of moral cultivation which takes the heart-mind (xin) and Reason (li) as two different ontological entities. With the help of Cheng Mingdao and Li Yanping's ideas of moral cultivation, Wang Yangming finally establishes his kung-fu approach with the heart-mind and Reason as one and that there is “no Reason outside the Heart-mind”, “nothing outside the heart-mind”. Wang Yangming developed the moral cultivation method of “knowing and practicing is one body”, “transcendental meditation” and finally the ultimate method of moral practice of “zhi liang-chi”. I show in details how Wang Yangming's method of “knowing and practicing is one body” and “zhi liang-chi” are both a kind of simple and pure moral internalism.