「話本」與「演義」的關係：以〈《古今小說》敘〉為討論中心

The Relationship Between“Huaben”(話本)”and“Yanyi”(演義): A Case Study around Preface on“Ku-chin Hsiao-shuo”(古今小說)

在話本體小說研究中，有關「話本」定義和「擬話本」概念使用的合宜性問題，相關爭論迄今未成定論。筆者根據馮夢龍〈《古今小說》敘〉一文進行考察，從中發現馮夢龍有以「演義」（通俗演義）共同指稱今之所謂「長篇章回小說」和「短篇話本小說」的情形，因此引發筆者關注「話本」與「演義」的關係。本文之提出，即針對「話本體」小說的定義和文體概念的釐清而來。首先，就「話本」與「擬話本」的定義及其爭論問題進行說明；其次根據〈《古今小說》敘〉所揭示的「小說」觀念進行重探和解讀；再次，針對「短篇通俗演義」的文體慣例和話語表現進行確認。經由上述研究，筆者嘗試針對話本體小說研究中所存在的爭論提出解決看法，並為重新考察明清短篇通俗小說創作的文體流變情形，建立後續研究的理論基礎。

Studies on fiction based on the style of “Huaben”(話本, story-telling scripts) have not, as of yet, developed a final conclusion regarding the definition of “story-telling scripts” or the suitability of implementing the concept of “Simulant Huaben”(擬話本, a fiction written in the style of a story-telling script). I investigated preface on “Ku-chin Hsiao-shuo”(古今小說) by Feng Menglong(馮夢龍), and observed Feng's references to both “Zhanghui novel”(章回小說, long novels in chapters) and “Huaben fiction” (話本小說) as “Yanyi”(演義, 通俗演義). Consequently, I focused on the relationship between “Huaben”(話本) and “Yanyi”(演義). The objective of this study is to clarify and elucidate “novels based on the style of Huaben”(story-telling scripts) and their stylistic concepts. First, the definitions and relevantdebates regarding “Huaben” and “Simulant Hua Ben” are explained. Next, the concept of “Xiaoshuols”(小說) proposed in preface on “Ku-chin Hsiao-shuo”are reexamined and analyzed. Finally, the stylistic conventions and discourse expressions of “short Yanyi”(短篇通俗演義) are verified. Based on the mentioned process, I proposes a solution for existing controversies in the research of novels that adopta story-telling script style and creates a theoretical foundation for future studies re-examining stylistic changes in the creation of Ming-Qing popular short stories.