日本工時制度的現狀與課題──兼論我國工時制度規制緩和之可能性

The Current Situation and Issues of Japan’s Working Hours: Also Discussing the Possibility of Easing the Regulations of Working Hours in Taiwan

2018年日本國會通過「工作方式改革關聯法」，針對日本向來的工作方式進行全盤檢討，並對日本勞動基準法之工時規制進行修正。而為了檢討當時並未修正之裁量勞動制以及工作時間法制今後的方向，於2022年7月15日公布「關於今後工作時間制度檢討會報告書」，並於2023年針對裁量勞動制進行修正，且將於2024年4月1日施行。工時制度報告書中強調今後修正工時規制時，應考慮到勞工自律的工作方式之需求並確保其健康，且加強勞資雙方之溝通與工時資訊的公開；此等重視勞工自主安排工作時間且強調資訊公開的觀點於我國工時法制中甚為缺乏。本文除分析上開報告書之重點外，並介紹2023年裁量勞動制修正之重要內容，並試圖就我國工時制度日後修法可行的方向進行檢討。

In 2018, National Diet of Japan passed the“Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts to Promote Work Style Reform”, which conducted a comprehensive review of Japan’s traditional work styles and revised the working hour regulations of Labor Standards Act. In order to review the discretionary labor system that had not been revised at that time and the future direction of the regulations of working hours, the“Report of the Review Conference on the Future Working Hours System”was announced on July 15, 2022, and the discretionary labor system was revised in 2023 and will be implemented on April 1, 2024. The report emphasizes that when revising regulations of working hours in the future, the need for self-disciplined working methods and ensuring the health of workers should be taken into consideration, and communication between workers and employers and the disclosure of information should be strengthened. This view of attaching importance to workers’independent arrangement of working hours and emphasizing information disclosure is very lacking in Taiwan. In addition to analyzing the key points of the report, this article also introduces the important contents of the revision of the discretionary labor system in 2023, and attempts to review the feasible direction of future revisions to working hours system in Taiwan.