醫院工作人員新冠肺炎知識、態度及行為改變之初探──以中臺灣某區域醫院為例

A Pilot Study on COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Healthcare Workers in a Central Taiwan Regional Hospital

目的
醫院工作人員為新興傳染疾病爆發時的防疫關鍵角色，故，本研究旨在調查醫院工作人員在新冠肺炎爆發初期的知識、態度及行為改變。
方法
本研究為探索性的橫斷性研究，於2020年11月至2021年1月，以自填結構式問卷，調查中部某區域醫院服務滿一年之醫師、護理人員、藥師、檢驗師、放射師、物理治療師、營養師及行政人員的基本屬性、新冠肺炎知識、態度及行為改變；再以t-test、卡方分析及ANOVA進行統計分析。
結果
378名受訪者的新冠肺炎知識平均得分為8.59（標準差=0.63），75％受訪者對新冠肺炎持有正面態度。約20％醫院工作人員不認為自己屬於感染高風險群。態度方面，35.19％受訪者對接種疫苗持保留態度。行為改變方面，有30％的受訪者表示即使疫情期間，也不會減少就醫行為或外出用餐。受訪者的社會人口學屬性在知識和態度上未呈現顯著差異，但勤洗手、避免前往人潮聚集處、減少外食、減少搭乘大眾運輸工具、儲存防疫物資等防疫行為則因性別、年齡和工作年資不同而有顯著差異。
結論
多數醫院工作人員具良好的新冠肺炎知識和態度。未來對於新興傳染疾病防疫和疫苗的相關知識應提供個別化的教育訓練，後續研究可進一步探討醫院工作人員KAP與疫情控制成效之間的關聯性。

Purposes
Healthcare workers play a pivotal role in combating the transmission of emerging infectious diseases. Hence, this study aims to examine the changes in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare workers during the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods
An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Healthcare professionals (including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, radiologists, physical therapists, nutritionists, and administrative personnel) with at least one year of service at a regional hospital in central Taiwan were surveyed using a self-administered structured questionnaire. This questionnaire covered demographic information and assessed changes in respondents’KAP toward COVID-19. Statistical analyses were carried out using t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA.
Results
Of the 378 respondents, the average COVID-19 knowledge score was 8.59 (SD=0.63), and 75% of participants held a positive attitude toward the pandemic. Approximately 20% of healthcare workers did not perceive themselves as being at high risk of infection. With regard to attitudes, 35.19% expressed reservations about vaccination. In terms of practices, 30% of the respondents did not decrease their frequency of medical visits or dining out even during the pandemic. Demographic characteristics did not significantly impact knowledge and attitudes. However, preventive behaviors, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding crowded places, cutting back on dining out, limiting use of public transportation, and stockpiling anti-epidemic supplies, varied significantly based on gender, age, and years of work experience.
Conclusions
Most healthcare workers at the hospital exhibited solid knowledge and positive attitudes toward COVID-19. Future initiatives should focus on tailored education and training for these personnel to enhance their understanding of preventive measures and vaccinations for emerging infectious diseases. Subsequent research could further explore the correlation between the KAP of healthcare workers and the effectiveness of epidemic control measures.