《建炎以來繫年要錄》的金國記事――以金人死亡時間為線索的觀察

The Records about the Jin Dynasty in Jianyan Yilai Xinian Yaolu: An Observation by Using the Death Times of the Jin People as a Clue

本文整理《建炎以來繫年要錄》的金人死亡時間紀錄，說明其敘述樣貌，並與南宋、金代的文獻比較之間的差異，討論差異的產生原因。其中，《要錄》的記載對象多為政壇要員，這應是李心傳有意留存金朝重要政治消息的結果。《要錄》的描述形態相當多元，顯示了《要錄》對於個別事件的不同掌握程度。對照現存南宋史書，《要錄》留有最多的金人死亡時間記載，符合《金史》之處也最多，紀錄的數量與品質乃是眾書之首。進一步分析，由於能夠博採前人說法，取捨所得也為稍後南宋史書的根據，於是《要錄》在南宋史書的金事流傳歷程中具有樞紐地位。然而《要錄》雖然多有正確記事，但亦不乏模糊、錯誤、遺漏等問題，這些問題的癥結應與李心傳所能參考與引用的資料有限，以及參引資料不易提供李心傳書寫所需的精確記載有關。最終，從參引資料對於《要錄》的影響所見，《要錄》紀錄金人死亡時間的挑戰，除了源於宋人得知金事的過程的曲折，也和其消息來源與金朝政壇之間的隔閡有關。

The records of the death times of the people of the Jin dynasty in Jianyan Yilai Xinian Yaolu (the Chronological Record of Important Events since 1127, hereinafter referred to as“Yaolu”) were sorted in the study. The descriptions of these people were explained and compared with the literature of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty in order to identify the differences among them. The causes of the differences were also discussed. Most of the records in Yaolu relates to the important figures in the political world of the Jin Dynasty, due perhaps to Li Xinchuan’s motive to record the important political events of the Jin Dynasty. There are various narrative styles in Yaolu, which shows that its author had different levels of understanding of individual incidents. Compared with the history books of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yaolu has the most records about the death times of the Jin people, and it contains the most articles corresponding to Jinshi. Therefore, Yaolu has the most articles with the top quality among all the Southern Song Dynasty history books. Based on further analysis, Yaolu played an essential role in the transmission of the incidents of the Jin Dynasty among the history books of the Southern Song Dynasty and became the basis of later history books of the Southern Song Dynasty because its author was able to widely adopt the descriptions made by former scholars and select the ones which were closer to the facts. Although many articles are correct in Yaolu, there are still problems of obscure passages, errors, and omissions. The causes of these problems should be related to the limited literature that Li Xinchuan could refer to, and the literature referred to by Li Xinchuan could not help him to write precise articles. Finally, considering the influence of references on Yaolu, the challenge for Yaolu to correctly record the death times of the Jin people was caused by the indirect transmission of the incidents of the Jin people of the Southern Song dynasty, and the political barriers between the sources of Yaolu and the political field of the Jin dynasty.