臺灣、現代、古希臘？解讀1970年代臺灣盛行類型化市政建築之現象

The Presence of Ancient Greekness in Modern Taiwan? Deciphering the Prevalence of Typified Local Government Architectural Designs in the 1970s

非由知名建築師設計、不強調原創性的「普通建築」長期乏人問津，但在近30年的城市史、建築史研究中成為新的焦點與研究趨勢。筆者觀察到臺灣在1970年代前後出現大批外觀看似大同小異的市政建築，乃以此為題，視建築為社會變遷的物質容器和表徵、分析其意欲透過空間形式傳達的象徵意義。本研究借鑒建築類型學和紮根理論的歸納、命名／譯碼、整合性分析方法，透過實地考察結合網路地圖應用，系統性地自遍佈全臺灣的2116座市政建築中篩選出1009個具備「水平向懸挑出簷」和「垂直向挑高列柱」等共同特徵的案例。繼而以此為基礎，在比較研究的視角下，將臺灣置於全球現代建築發展的脈絡中檢視、追溯形式意義的建構，進而解析支持、助長類型化市政建築湧現的政經環境、文化與技術條件。其中，隨美援傳入之現代建築技術與思潮，尤其是歐美現代建築師轉化古希臘民主城邦雅典Parthenon神殿建築形式所蘊含的象徵意義甚為關鍵。這批典型的市政建築乃特定意識形態的意象化載體。

Lesser-known ordinary architecture without conspicuous designs has not attracted the academic’s attention yet until very recently. The author finds the emergence of a great many local government buildings with similar architectural appearances in 1970s Taiwan an intriguing phenomenon worthy of exploration. This article takes them as an embodied signifier of social change and explores the symbolic meanings they were meant to convey through utilizing specific architectural features. For systematically analyzing such a large number of examples, this research adopts typological methodology and grounded theory. Totally 1009 out of 2116 local government building examples are chosen for categorizing and encoding. Among all the examples, two architectural features namely“horizontal overhang”and“giant order”are identified as the most common and noticeable characteristics. These very same features also characterized other well-known projects designed by reputable national and international architects a little earlier. Modern designs that paid honor to ancient Greek architectural classics could be the source of inspiration for these typified local government buildings in 1970s Taiwan. This article concludes by historically contextualizing this prevalent phenomenon in the global development of Postwar modern architecture and points out these typified local government buildings should be understood as the imaged vehicle for particular ideology.