涉外專利準物權事項之國際裁判管轄

International Jurisdiction on Patent Right Matters Involvin Foreign Elements

隨著國防需求日增，無論國防自主研發或對外採購，不免涉及專利權問題。復由於專利爭議標的動輒龐大，並經常涉及外國公司或外國專利，如能掌握其國際裁判管轄權（下稱國際管轄），即能避免法院或當事人不必要之勞費，並妥適保障專利權與解決紛爭。在涉外專利之國際管轄議題中，專利準物權事項因涉及專利授權、登記機關之權責與認定，可能涉及國家主權或公權力作用，故是否應由專利授權、登記機關所屬國家之法院，專有其國際管轄權？如為否定，則他國法院之裁判結果，倘與系爭專利授權、登記機關之認定齷齬，應以何者為準？本文嘗試論述供參考。然限於篇幅，本文擬僅探討專利準物權事項之直接國際管轄，至探討是否承認、執行外國法院關於專利準物權事項民事確定裁判之間接國際管轄問題，則暫不與焉。

Although intellectual property law is a relatively recent legal innovation, it has from an early stage in its development possessed an international dimension. Efforts to develop a private international law of intellectual property are much more recent, hence the need for attention to this field remains acute. These efforts raise a number of questions: the content of current private international law in matters of intellectual property; the adequacy of that body of law in an increasingly globalized environment; and the changes that must be made to that body of law. While patent rights are national rights which are granted exclusively to a patentee within a given state, the growing complexity in areas of cross-border patent litigation is having the effect of blurring a conventional assessment of infringement. Courts are increasingly being asked to consider acts of infringement spanning several countries. Courts have, to varying degrees, considered patent extraterritoriality in the context of acts of infringement and other cases. This Article explores the content of international jurisdiction on patent issues. This exploration is intended to facilitate consideration of the core principle of territoriality that informs so much of the existing regime.