美國《2022保護美國智慧財產權法》之簡析與我國國家核心關鍵技術營業秘密之借鏡

An Overview of the Protecting American Intellectual Property Act of 2022 and its reflections

鑒於涉及國家安全之營業秘密侵害事件於《經濟間諜法》（Economic Espionage Act of 1996）增訂後仍頻傳，美國總統拜登於2023年1月5日簽署了《2022保護美國智慧財產權法》（Protecting American Intellectual Property Act of 2022, PAIP），期望利用經濟制裁嚇阻外國法人機關（構）與自然人竊取美國的營業秘密。無獨有偶，為避免涉及國家安全之核心技術外流，我國於2022年修正《國家安全法》等法律，增訂國家核心關鍵技術之營業秘密相關規定。然我國國家核心關鍵技術之營業秘密相關法制尚處於起步階段，本次美國增訂PAIP與我國《國家安全法》之修正皆係為解決營業秘密侵害事件所帶來之國家安全問題，我國似可參酌PAIP之立法脈絡與緣由，以做為完善我國相關法制之借鏡。

In light of the fact that national security concerns related to the theft of technology and trade secrets have not abated since the enactment of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996, on January 5, 2023, U.S. President Biden signed into law S. 1294, the ''Protecting American Intellectual Property Act of 2022'' (the Act). The Act requires the President to report and impose sanctions on foreign entities and individuals involved in the significant theft of trade secrets belonging to US individuals or entities. Similarly, Taiwan enacted legislation amending its National Security Act in 2022. The legislation includes a statute that criminalizes the misappropriation of trade secrets as to national core technologies that, if disclosed, could jeopardize national security. As the legislation of U.S. and Taiwan's legislation all seek to address the national security concerns raised by the misappropriation of trade secrets, there are lessons to be learned from each. Therefore, this article will discuss the rationale for the enactment of the Act, its constitutional challenges, and the considerations arising therefrom. Then, this article will consider possible changes to Taiwan's national core technology trade secret legal system to refine it.