科研項目治理現代化的法治進路

The Approach of Rule of Law to the Modernization of Scientific Research Project Governance

現代科研項目治理遵循“政府－科學”研究範式，以保障科研自主與實現科研責任為核心。西方科研項目治理經歷由政府與科學對立與鬥爭的主體性邏輯向溝通與合意的主體間性邏輯的發展歷程，治理核心也由強調“科研自主”到“自主與責任並重”。相較於西方線性發展模式，中國科研項目治理現代化將是一個歷時性與共時性同步推進的過程，應堅持“責權利相統一”的法治進路：在責任承擔方面，由傳統的“主體－行為－責任”的“過程責任”和“結果責任”範式向“角色承擔－說明回應－違法責任”的“角色責任”範式轉變；在權力（利）配置方面，以“服務主導”而非“產品導向”為目標，由管理性權力（利）配置向服務性權力（利）配置轉變；在利益分配方面，由“物本主義”向“人本主義”轉變，讓科研人員獲得與貢獻相匹配的待遇和尊嚴。

The governance of modern scientific research projects follows the research paradigm of ''government - science'', with the core of ensuring the autonomy of scientific research and realizing the responsibility of scientific research. The governance of western scientific research projects has experienced a development process from the subjective logic of opposition and struggle between government and science to the intersubjective logic of communication and agreement, and the governance core has also changed from emphasizing ''scientific research autonomy'' to ''laying equal stress on autonomy and responsibility''. Compared with the western linear development model, the modernization of China' s scientific research project governance will be a diachronic and synchronic process, and we should adhere to the legal approach of ''unity of responsibility and right''. Specifically, in the aspect of responsibility, the traditional ''process responsibility'' and ''result responsibility'' paradigm of ''subject - behavior - responsibility'' has changed to the ''role responsibility'' paradigm of ''role responsibility - explanation response illegal responsibility''; In terms of power (right) allocation, the goal is ''service oriented'' rather than ''product oriented'', and the management power (right) allocation is changed to service power (right) allocation; In the distribution of benefits, the shift from ''materialistic'' to ''humanistic'' allows researchers to obtain a salary and dignity commensurate with their contributions.