論我國《反外國制裁法》第12條中的侵權行為及其責任

On Torts and Liability Under Article 12 of China's Anti-Foreign Sanctions Act

我國《反外國制裁法》第12條賦予了受到外國歧視性限制措施侵害的我國公民和組織向法院起訴的司法救濟權。如何在實踐中運用上述教濟權，我們有必要從如下三個角度展開研究。從侵權行為的角度出發，我國《反外國制裁法》中執行和協助執行歧視性限制措施的行為，具有民法上侵權行為的基本特徵，我國法院應當依託《民法典》審理《反外國制裁法》中的侵權之訴。從侵權責任的角度出發，上述行為構成含有幫助行為的共同侵權行為，其中外國公主體是實行人，外國境內的私主體是幫助人，二者承擔相應的責任且有可能構成緊急避險。從侵權賠償責任角度出發，被侵害人是我國公民或組織，同時其受損害的合法權益是財產或人身自由權益，其應當具有損害賠償請求權。

Article 12 of China's ''Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law'' endows Chinese citizens and organizations who have been infringed by foreign discriminatory restrictive measures with the right to sue in court for judicial relief. How to use the above relief right in practice, we need to conduct research from the following three perspectives. From the perspective of torts, the behavior of implementing and assisting in the implementation of discriminatory restrictive measures in the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law has the characteristics of torts in civil law. Chinese courts should rely on the Civil Code to hear the infringement lawsuit of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law. From the perspective of tort liability, the above-mentioned acts constitute a joint tort involving assisting acts, in which the foreign public entity is the executor, and the private party in the foreign country is the helper. The two bear corresponding responsibilities and may constitute necessity. From the perspective of tort compensation liability, the victim is a citizen or organization of China, and at the same time, its legal rights and interests are property or personal freedom rights, it should have the right to claim damages.