另闢蹊徑：我國Non-ICSID投資仲裁制度的建構與發展

The Construction and Development of Non-ICSID Investment Arbitration in China

我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家的投資合作日益密切，政府與企業面臨的投資爭端壓力不斷增加。妥當選擇國際投資爭端解決方式，對“一帶一路”建設行穩致遠的影響重大。投資仲裁是解決國際投資爭端的主流方式，根據審理案件的主體可分為ICSID投資仲裁（以下簡稱ICSID仲裁）和Non-ICSID投資仲裁（以下簡稱Non-ICSID仲裁），兩者在管轄基礎、仲裁程序、監督體系和執行機制上差異明顯。推動Non-ICSID仲裁的建構與發展，能夠增強國際投資仲裁市場的競爭性，有助於建設開放多元、公平合理的國際投資仲裁機制，更好地維護我國政府與投資者的權益。當前我國Non-ICSID仲裁制度的建構面臨投資爭端可仲裁性不明、臨時措施難以適用、執行機制不完備等問題，導致其發展受到嚴重限制。為避免過於依賴由西方國家規則主導的ICSID仲裁，並為創設“一帶一路”投資爭端解決機制積累經驗，我國可以《仲裁法》修訂為契機，通過加快國內投資仲裁規範建設、完善國內投資仲裁司法監督機制、加強國際投資仲裁制度銜接等方式，促進本國Non-ICSID仲裁的成長發展。

The investment cooperation between China and the countries along the ''Belt and Road'' is getting closer, while the pressure of investment disputes faced by the Chinese government and enterprises is increasing. The proper choice of international investment dispute settlement has a significant impact on the stability of the ''Belt and Road'' construction. Currently, investment arbitration is the mainstream way to resolve international investment disputes, which can be divided into ICSID investment arbitration (ICSID arbitration) and Non-ICSID investment arbitration (Non-ICSID arbitration), with obvious differences in jurisdiction, procedures, supervision systems and enforcement mechanisms. Promoting the construction and development of Non-ICSID arbitration will not only enhance the competitiveness of the international investment arbitration market, but also help build an open, diversified, fair and reasonable international investment arbitration mechanism and better protect the rights and interests of Chinese government and investors. Currently, the construction of Non-ICSID arbitration in China faces problems such as unclear arbitrability of investment dispute, difficulty in applying interim measures and incomplete enforcement mechanisms, resulting in serious limitations on its development. In order to avoid over-reliance on ICSID arbitration dominated by rules of Western countries and to accumulate experience for the creation of the ''Belt and Road'' investment dispute resolution mechanism, China can take the revision of the Arbitration Law as an opportunity, to promote the construction and development of Non-ICSID arbitration, by accelerating the construction of domestic investment arbitration norms, improving the judicial supervision mechanism of domestic investment arbitration, and strengthening the convergence of international investment arbitration systems.