BBNJ協定中能力建設和海洋技術轉讓規範的適用——兼論人類命運共同體理念下的中國因應

The Application of the Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Marine Technology Norms in the BBNJ Agreement: An Inspiration for China under the Vision of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

BBNJ協定是國際社會在國際法層面對國家管轄範圍以外區域這一國際公域治理的最新成果。其中，能力建設和海洋技術轉讓部分旨在促進發達國家與發展中國家開展包容、公平和有效的各項合作，幫助和支持發展中國家實現BBNJ協定的各項目標。然而，該部分在制度安排上存在一定妥協性，很可能為後續公平公正的法律適用埋下隱患。如何以重要的全球海洋治理實踐為示範，以期對BBNJ協定其他締約方的後續履約產生引領作用，值得深入探究。海洋大國對BBNJ協定中能力建設和海洋技術轉讓部分的實踐，能夠為其他締約方的積極履約率先垂範。中國作為發展中的海洋大國，已經站在全球海洋治理的舞臺中央，中國所提倡的人類命運共同體理念與BBNJ協定下能力建設和海洋技術轉讓部分的宗旨與原則不謀而合，在BBNJ協定的談判歷程中，人類命運共同體理念作為傳遞中國聲音的理念載體發揮了積極作用。未來，中國應繼續以人類命運共同體理念為指導思想，直面能力建設和海洋技術轉讓部分的法律適用挑戰，並通過國家實踐對該部分的法律適用發揮示範作用，落實公平正義的國際海洋秩序下國家管轄範圍以外區域的海洋生物多樣性養護和可持續利用目標，攜手構建全球海洋治理新格局。

The BBNJ Agreement reflects a consensus on the governance of areas beyond national jurisdiction at the international laws level. It is the latest achievement of the international society’s global governance of new frontiers. The objectives of the part of capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology are to assist parties in particular developing States Parties, in implementing the provisions of the BBNJ Agreement to achieve its objectives, and enable inclusive, equitable and effective cooperation and participation in the activities undertaken under the BBNJ Agreement and so on. However, there are some compromise arrangements in the part of capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It is likely to create a risk on the subsequent just and equal application of the law. How to take important global ocean governance practices as examples to lead the subsequent implementation of other parties to the BBNJ Agreement is worthy of in-depth exploration. The exemplary application of the part of capacity- building and the transfer of marine technology under the BBNJ Agreement by maritime powers could lead to an active implementation by other Parties. As a developing maritime power, China has stood at the centre of the stage of global maritime governance. The vision of a community with a shared future for mankind proposed by China coincides with the objectives of the part of capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology under the BBNJ Agreement. This vision has played a positive role in the BBNJ Agreement negotiation process as an idea carrier to convey the voice of China. In the future, it is necessary for China to continue to uphold the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind as a guide to build consensus, face challenges, and lead the application of the BBNJ Agreement by state practice. Also, China is supposed to further realize the aims of conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction in a justice and equity international marine order and work together to build a new pattern of global marine governance.