論犯罪成立評價體系的本土化規範構造

On the Localized Normative Construction of the Criminal Establishment Evaluation System

犯罪構成有犯罪構成理論和犯罪構成規範之分。犯罪構成理論只是定罪的方法論理論體系，不是規範上的犯罪成立評價體系和定罪的規範適用依據。犯罪構成規範作為用於評價犯罪成立的規範體系和定罪的規範依據，只能基於本國刑法的本土化規範構造。這個規範構造，本應與犯罪成立評價體系是等同概念，卻在我國因其被限定為四要件體系而只是犯罪成立評價體系中必不可少的部分內容。我國完整的犯罪成立評價體系構架，應是基於《中華人民共和國刑法》第13條犯罪定義三個基本特徵所構建的規範體系，包括作為入罪門檻的嚴重社會危害性方面、作為四要件規範體系的刑事違法性方面和作為可罰門檻的應受刑罰處罰性方面的刑法規範。為使犯罪成立評價體系聚焦於犯罪本質，如此本土化規範構造須以犯罪本質特徵為基石。犯罪成立規範評價體系的本土化實踐應用，須據此構建多維定罪方法予以層級性犯罪認定。

There is a distinction between the theory of criminal constitution and the norms of criminal constitution. The theory of criminal constitution is only a methodological theoretical system for criminalization, not a normative system for the evaluation of the establishment of crime and a normative basis for the application of criminalization. The norms of criminal composition, as the normative system used for the evaluation of the establishment of a crime and the normative basis for the conviction of a crime, can only be a localized normative construction based on the criminal law of the country. This normative construction should be equivalent to the evaluation system of the establishment of the crime, but in our country, because it is limited to the four elements of the system and is only an essential part of the evaluation system of the establishment of the crime. The complete structure of the evaluation system for the establishment of a crime in China should be a normative system constructed on the basis of the three basic features of the definition of a crime in Article 13 of the Criminal Law of the People􀆶s Republic of China, including criminal law norms on serious social harm as a threshold for the commission of a crime, criminal illegality as a normative system of the four elements, and punishability as a threshold for the punishment of a crime. In order to focus the criminal establishment evaluation system on the essence of the crime, such localized normative construction must be built on the basis of the essential features of the crime. The localized practical application of the normative evaluation system for the establishment of a crime must be based on the construction of a multi-dimensional conviction method for the determination of a hierarchical crime.