111年憲判字第13號判決評析──健保資料二次使用的個資保護新局或困境？

Commentary on Taiwan Constitutional Court Judgment No. 111-Hsien-Pan-13: Does It Facilitate or Thwart Secondary Use of Health Insurance Data?

本文指出111年憲判字第13號判決的最大問題乃切斷了全民健康保險法與個人資料保護法間之連結，而獨立地就個資法第6條第1項第4款進行違憲審查，而非就健保署以該款規定作為健保資料二次使用行為，進行違憲審查；所造成之結果乃全民健康保險法欠缺健保資料二次使用之授權與個資保護規範，違反法律保留原則，而個人資料保護法因係針對個資蒐用之一般性規範，故判決不以健保資料庫形式之健保資料二次使用的情形，看待個資法相關規定之合憲性，而宣告個資法第6條第1項第4款合憲。因此，此判決對於健保資料二次使用之個資保護法制應如何設計，始符合資訊隱私權保障意旨，幾無具體指引作用。

This article pinpoints the main issue created in Taiwan Constitutional Court Judgment No. 111-Hsien-Pan-13 while the object of judicial review is Item 4, Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Act rather than the act of secondary use of health data by National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. The approach was to disconnect the National Health Insurance Act from the Personal Data Protection Act. The downside of this approach of looking at the two Act separately was that, since there were no provisions in the National Health Insurance Act in providing authority for secondary use of health data and data protection mechanism, the Constitutional Court held that the contemplated secondary use was unlawful since it breaches the principle of legal preservation. As to the Personal Data Protection Act, since it was a general regulation in relation to all types of personal data and is not particular to health data, the Constitutional Court upheld the constitutionality of Item 4, Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Act while the Court did not review the secondary use of the National Health Insurance Research Databases. This article concludes that the Taiwan Constitutional Court Judgment No. 111-Hsien-Pan-13 provides no proper guidance in designing the personal data protection mechanism for secondary use of health data.