辯護人協助及原住民族被告溝通與理解障礙的排除──以最高法院近年相關裁判觀察為中心──

Assistance of Defense Counsel and the Elimination of Communication and Understanding Barriers with Indigenous Defendants: A Focus on Recent Relevant Judgments from the Supreme Court of Taiwan

2013年刑事訴訟法第31條修法，將原住民被告納入強制辯護適用範圍，使原住民被告受辯護人協助權明文化。即使如此，為落實此權利保障，如何確保偵查機關對原住民被告受辯護人協助為權利告知，以及如何為欠缺辯護人協助之被告增設補救機制，都成為必須釐清的問題。針對此二問題，近年最高法院已有相關裁判表示其見解，提出目前實務的因應機制，本文以分析評論這些措施為主題。對此，考量以2013年修法為中心，目前刑事訴訟法對原住民被告提供程序權保障的機制，皆以提供辯護人協助為核心，故本文將先回顧該次修法的規範意義。接著，作為該次修法的補強措施，針對確保權利告知的部分，本文將以最高法院107年度台上字第3084號判決為中心，分析最高法院有關積極意義權利告知與違反時法律效果的論述。最後，關於欠缺辯護人協助者的補救措施，本文以最高法院110年度台抗字第1315號裁定為出發點，針對透過法官闡明權來確保原住民被告程序權保障的作法，提出分析與評論。

In 2013, an amendment to Article 31 of the Criminal Procedure Act brought Indigenous defendants within the scope of mandatory defense counsel, explicitly granting Indigenous defendants the right to legal assistance. However, ensuring that law enforcement agencies inform Indigenous defendants of their right to legal assistance and establishing remedial mechanisms for those who lack legal representation have become pressing issues for safeguarding this right. In response to these two questions, the recent judgments of the Supreme Court of Taiwan have provided insights and proposed practical measures. This article primarily focuses on analyzing and evaluating these measures. With respect to the pivotal role of legal assistance in the mechanisms provided by the Criminal Procedure Act for safeguarding procedural rights of Indigenous defendants, this article begins by reviewing the normative significance of the 2013 amendment. Subsequently, as a reinforcement measure of the amendment, this article centers on the Supreme Court Judgment No. 3084 of the year 2018 to analyze the Supreme Court's discourse concerning the proactive duty to inform of rights and the legal consequences of violations. Finally, regarding remedies for those who lack legal representation, this article uses the Supreme Court Decision No. 1315 of the year 2021 as a starting point to present an analysis and critique of the approach of securing procedural rights of Indigenous defendants through judicial clarification of rights.