探討技術及職業教育在產業發展模式變革中之角色及功能轉變

Explore the Role and Functional Changes of Technical and Vocational Education in the Transformation of Industrial Revolution

面對由物聯網、數位化工廠、雲端服務、通訊等技術緊密結合所形成「智慧製造」之工業4.0趨勢，每個人都將花費更多時間在社交及情緒技能、創造力、創業精神等能力，又因COVID-19影響，各國開始重視學生韌性及終身學習能力。因為具備這些終身學習能力，也才能不斷裝備技能、升級技能及重新學習新技能，進而達到終身學習及永續發展目的。為聚焦及明確凸顯問題分析重點，本文藉由文獻分析及文件分析法，探討技術及職業教育角色及功能應如何轉變，才能跟上產業發展趨勢。首先分析技能落差及人才短缺現況、繼之探討從工業4.0納入永續發展及以人為核心之工業5.0內涵，再者釐清技職教育如何成為終身學習主軸及如何能對未來做好準備；最後則是統整分析提出臺灣技職教育發展之反思及建議，作為臺灣推動相關政策參考。

In response to the industry 4.0 trend of smart manufacturing, formed by the close integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things, digitalized factories, cloud services, and communications, everyone will spend more time on social and emotional skills, creativity, entrepreneurial skills, and so on. The impact of COVID-19 has prompted countries to focus on students' resilience and lifelong learning competencies. With these competencies in place, we should keep skilling, upskilling and reskilling to achieve the goal of lifelong learning and sustainable development. Furthermore, in order to focus and clearly highlight key points of the issue, this article uses literature review and document analysis to examine how the roles and functions of technical and vocational education should evolve to align with industry development trends. Initially, I analyzed the skills gap and the current situation of talent shortage, and then I explored the content of Industry 5.0, which incorporates sustainable development from Industry 4.0 and a people-centered approach. Subsequently, I clarified how technical and vocational education becomes the main axis of lifelong learning and how to prepare for the future. Finally, I put forward reflections and suggestions on the development of Taiwan’s technical and vocational education as a reference for promoting relevant policies in the country.