理性、語言與翻譯：德希達的翻譯政治論

Reason, Language, and Translation: Jacques Derrida’s Politics of Translation

本文擬探討德希達對於多語書寫的翻譯政治問題。德希達在解構了單一語言之後，便展開了多語之間的翻譯轉換問題的探討。首先便是通過對笛卡爾的著作以及若干書信的分析，討論笛卡爾思想中對理性的規定以及對語言的看法，進一步來說，德希達藉由對近代理性主義之父──笛卡爾──文本的重新閱讀，討論其哲學內部的形上學以及歷史出現的問題。在這問題中，德希達以其獨特的解構手法，分析隱藏在笛卡爾哲學中的神學政治觀。最後，我們也要藉由德希達對笛卡爾看待人工語言的意見，來探討自然語言與人工語言之間的符號流動問題，這一點既呼應了德希達對笛卡爾的形上學語言分析，也顯露出德希達自己對於書寫問題所持的立場。

This article aims to explore Derrida’s politics of translation concerning multilingual writing. Derrida, after deconstructing a single language, discussed translation and conversion between multiple languages. Derrida started with the discussion of the rules of reason in Descartes’thought and Descartes’views on language through the analysis of Descartes’works and letters. By re-reading Descartes’works and letters, Derrida intended to discuss the metaphysics within Descartes’philosophy as well as historical issues. In this question, Derrida used his unique method of deconstruction to analyze the theological and political views hidden in Cartesian philosophy. This article also discusses the problem of symbolic flow between natural language and artificial language based on Derrida’s viewpoint on Descartes’view of artificial language. This discussion not only echoes the linguistic analysis of Cartesian metaphysics by Derrida but also reveals Derrida’s own position on the issue of writing.