越南語語法標記ĐANG的文獻學研究

A PHILOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE VIETNAMESE GRAMMATICAL MARKERĐANG

本研究考察了現代越南語中進行體標記đang的語法化過程。Đang來源於漢語“當”（dāng，“在”義），它後面經常跟隨著名詞、代詞或名詞短語修飾的“時”(“時間”義）。例如，“當[A]之時”，其中A是名詞、代詞或名詞短語(Pulleyblank 1995)。在15世紀出版的漢喃對譯文本中，漢語“當”有5處譯為“當”，有1處譯為“侯”，有4處譯為“合”。另一方面，在17世紀的越南拉丁文文本中，該詞彙經常出現在從屬（附加）子句中。例如，(a)đang NP（時間短語）；(b)đang khi NP+VP；(c) khi (NP)đang VP。通過與越南漢文中“當”的用法比較可知，這些模式意味著一個發展順序：（Ch）當+NP+VP+（SUB）+NPtemp >（Ch）NP+當+VP+（SUB）+NPtemp >（V ) *NP+Dang+VP+khi > (V) khi+NP+Dang+VP。之後，“đang+VP”被重新分析，產生了進行體標記đang。

This study considers the grammaticalization process that produced the progressive markerđang in modern Vietnamese. The wordđang originates from the Chinese當dāng, which means‘be at.’Frequently it is followed by時‘time’modified by a noun, pronoun or noun phrase, e.g.,當[A]之時‘at the time of/when [A],’where A is a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase (Pulleyblank 1995). In Sino-Vietnamese Nôm texts published in the 15th century, Chinese dāng is translated as當đang/đương in five cases, as侯hầu‘be about to’in one case, and as合hợp‘right’in four cases. Meanwhile, in the Romanized texts of the 17th century, the element very often occurs in subordinate (adjunct) clauses, e.g., (a)đang NP (Time phrase); (b)đang khi NP+VP; and (c) khi (NP)đang VP. These patterns, compared with the usages of當in literary Sinitic in Vietnam, imply a sequence of developments: (Ch)當+NP+VP+(SUB)+NPtemp > (Ch) NP+當+VP+(SUB)+NPtemp > (V) *NP+đang+VP+khi > (V) khi+NP+đang+VP. After that, the unit‘đang+VP’was reanalyzed to give rise to the progressive markerđang.