The hardware simulation of ratio metric vector iteration algorithm in wireless sensor networks

The hardware simulation of ratio metric vector iteration algorithm in wireless sensor networks

The most significant challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is determining the location of sensor nodes for localization and tracking moving targets. There are some approaches to determining a location. One consideration is using a global positioning system (GPS) for each sensor node deployed. We report the implementation of RVI to determine the localization of the WSN model, which uses the actual hardware equipped with GPS to deal with the physical parameter constraints, including hardware characteristics and environmental conditions. We investigated two critical parameters: the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the location coordinated by GPS. The measurement results show that the environmental conditions influence the value of RSSI, like shadowing, which causes path loss. The verification experiment shows that the RVI algorithm significantly gives correction in determining the localization using RSSI. The increasing iteration number decreases error: iteration 70 resulted in an error of about 26% compared with iteration 15, with an error of about 64%. This method can also determine the location coordinates five times faster than the used GPS. In summary, the RVI method, by using RSSI data, can inform the location coordinate close to GPS information. Therefore, the location coordinate can be determined without using GPS modules.