史書之傳播與南宋詠史詩之反饋——以楊萬里、范成大、陸游詩為例

The Transformation and Novelty of South Song Dynasty´s Historical Poetry─Yang Wan-Li, Fan Cheng-Da, Lu You as an example

宋代崇儒右文，史學繁榮，雕版流行，陸游、范成大、楊萬里三大家因時乘勢詠史，除傳承六朝以來體制外，又往往藉讀書、讀史以詠史，藉樂府舊題以寫志，藉出使邊塞登臨而懷古；其他，因題畫、緣感興而詠史者亦不少。考三大詩人關切之主題，以六朝隋唐以來歷史之成敗興亡為核心，旁及人物之臧否，人材之用捨，政俗之諷諭，其要歸於資鑑，與宋代史學之主潮可以相發明。至於三大家之詠史類型，以史為詠，藉古諷今較多，隱括史傳最少；別生眼目，獨闢谿徑，較有特色。本文援引陸、范、楊三大家50餘首詠史詩為例證，論述視角轉換、遺妍開發、翻空生奇、微辭嘲弄、歷史論衡五者，為詠史詩別生眼目之五大途徑。詠史詩之注重史學史識，會通歷史與文學而化成之，自是學人之詩，非詩人之詩，亦由此可見。

The South Song Dynasty emphasizes the composition, and the history is flourishing. An engraving is popular. Under this situation, the 3 most famous poets chants the history. Not only talking about the system of the Six Dynasties, but also express their ambition by study, history. Even use the old name for their aspiration, or rely on a frontier fortress for the thoughts. Furthermore there are some themes about poetry for paintings. The topic of the 3 most famous poets is about the victory and the defeat from the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasty. They talk about the people´s behavior and their usefulness, the customs and the govertnment´s acts. To summarize you can say, that the above-mentioned´s our feelings.
So far as the species of the 3 most famous poets be concerned, most of their poems are historical poems. The most important character is special insight and they use new methods. This article describes 50 poems of the 3 most famous poets, the ways of historical poetry asks for the transformation of the insight, the development of using better meanings, the appliance of new methods, the use of implicit criticism and history judgment. The Confluence of history and literature of historical poetry use the historical insight. So this can be seen as the Scholarly Poetry and not the Poets´Poetry.