賽夏族shinraehoe’「氏族名」及raroo’「名字」之探究

A study of Saisiyat clans’names (shinraehoe’) and given names (raroo’)

本文討論賽夏族傳統命名系統及其使用，包括氏族名（shinraehoe’）和名字（raroo’），部分討論基於自1950年代中央研究院民族所所開展的工作。賽夏族中的特定氏族，據報導原有16個，其中兩個氏族，tabtabilas（膜）和karkaramo’（血），已絕嗣，故此二氏族名不再使用；此外，氏族kas’aames屬於shaawan氏族之一支，因此，嚴格來說當今賽夏族只有13個氏族。本文的目的為說明氏族的地理分布和使用現況。有關賽夏族的命名系統，以楊希枚（1956）作為此研究的基礎進一步探討賽夏族的名字，包括shapang raroo’「真實的名字」、shomorangi’「借用名字」以及katosas’i：「外號、綽號」。最後，本文從語言學角度回顧並且討論氏族名的構詞組合、氏族名和名字的詞類以及氏族名和名字之間的詞序。

In this paper, we discuss the Saisiyat naming system. Our discussion is partly based on ethnological work carried out since the mid-1950s and concentrates on clans’names (shinraehoe’) and on given names (raroo’). The Saisiyat have specific clans’names. Sixteen have been reported, among which, two, tabtabilas (膜mò) and karkaramo’(血xiě), are no longer used as there are no descendants. One goal of this paper is to look at the geographical distribution of clans’names and their usage. As far as given nouns are concerned, we follow Yang (1956), who carried an ethnological investigation of Tungho Saisiyat and provided a fairly exhaustive and accurate description of the naming system of Saisiyat, and provide further details whenever necessary. Our discussion focuses on (i) shapang raroo’‘proper or real name’, (ii) shomorangi’‘borrowed name’and (iii) katosas’i:‘nicknames’. Last, we review earlier linguistic work and examine the wordformation of clans’names, the lexical category of clans’and given names as well as their word order.