宋代官方胎養措施之研究

A Study on Official Pregnancy Measures in Song Dynasty

人口問題，古今皆然。綜觀中國歷史上，東漢章帝為了鼓勵人口增長，強化國力，首開其端，頒布胎養令。藉由官方力量，照顧妊娠中之婦女，使其可以安心懷孕養胎。到了宋代，除了有增長人口的需求之外，尚有生子不舉的問題亟待解決，因此宋廷仿東漢之制，下詔胎養令，同時地方上採取相關的胎養措施。本文擬就宋代胎養令提出的時代背景與實踐方式，以及其它相關的胎養措施進行研究，藉以瞭解部分有關宋代社會福利制度之實際運作外，亦期望能達到以古鑑今之作用，提供現今改善人口問題之參考。

Population problems always exist from ancient times to present. Reviewing the history of China, Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first one to promulgate the pregnancy measures in order to encourage the increase of the population. With the help of the official policy, the pregnant women could be taken care of, and also have been at ease during pregnancy time and childbirth moment. In the Song Dynasty, as well as the need for increasing the population, there was also an urgent need for solving the problem of infanticide. Therefore, the Song court imitated the system of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and issued an edict of fetal-rearing. Meanwhile, relevant measures were taken locally. The article is intended to probe the time background and specific measures proposed by the Song Dynasty's fetal-support order, as well as other related fetal-support measures. Then, illustrated the comprehensive social welfare system of the Song Dynasty. At last, the author is hoping to learn some lessons from the past, and providing solutions to improve population problems today.