從社會工作觀點討論高齡犯罪與貫穿式處遇架構

Discussion on Elderly Offenders and Penetrating Treatment Framework from the Perspective of Social Work

聯合國定義2021-2030年為健康老化的十年，面對監禁人口高齡化的趨勢，本文蒐集相關的文獻，從社會工作觀點出發，提供一個刑事司法系統犯罪高齡化社會問題的概述，以健全照顧與正義的社會政策與最佳矯治社會工作實務的角度，討論一些更為具體應對高齡犯罪與監獄潮世代的處遇架構。在討論的面向上，首先，提到慣常以65歲以上為高齡福利人口群定義的社會工作專業，已關注到50歲以上的被監禁者和曾經被監禁者走向高齡化的現象與社會代價。其次，健康正義的檢視，反映了從監獄、家庭到社區健康老化的照顧難題；接著，先說明社會工作既有看待高齡犯罪的整合視角，和由個人與關係、社區到社會層次減少社會孤立和孤獨感的一般性處遇，再提出整合協助高齡罪犯的貫穿式處遇架構，包含：準備好的社區與社會方案、看重家庭與社會支持的有效性、進行矯治工作人員的再培訓，以及建置高齡照護的跨領域學習模組等4個方面，以識別和應對通常與老年相關的複雜診斷和風險評估，確保資源使用與矯治機制間無縫接軌的合作。最後，總結社會孤立和孤獨越來越被認為是老年人的首要公共衛生問題和政策問題，有監禁經驗的高齡罪犯族群首當其衝，面對老年被監禁者和老化歷程監禁隔離經驗帶來的社會問題，司法社會工作者應進一步提供關懷正義模式的協助。

The United Nations defines 2021-2030 as the decade of healthy aging. Facing the trend of aging prison population, this article collects relevant literature and provides an overview of the social problems of criminal aging in the criminal justice system from the perspective of social work. From the perspective of just social policy and best correction social work practice, some more specific treatment frameworks for senior crime and prison boomers are discussed. About the dimensions of discussion, first of all, it is mentioned that the social work profession, which is usually defined as the elderly welfare population over the age of 65, has paid attention to the aging phenomena and social costs of the incarcerated and former incarcerated over the age of 50. Secondly, the inspection of health justice reflects the care problems of healthy aging from prisons, families to communities; then, it first explains that social work has an integrated perspective on senior crime, and reduces social isolation and General treatment of loneliness, and then proposed a comprehensive treatment framework that integrates and assists elderly offenders, including: prepared community and social programs, focusing on the effectiveness of family and social support, retraining correctional staff, and advocating four aspects, including the interdisciplinary learning module of senior care, are set up to identify and deal with the complex diagnosis and risk assessment usually associated with the elderly, and to ensure the seamless cooperation between resource use and correction mechanisms. To be concluded, social isolation and loneliness are increasingly recognized as a top public health and policy issue for older adults, with older incarceration-experienced offender populations bearing the brunt of the social problems faced by older incarcerated persons and the experience of incarceration and segregation through the aging process, forensic social workers should further provide assistance with Caring Justice Model.