BIM技術在擋土支撐施工規劃檢討之應用

Application of BIM Technology in Construction Planning and Evaluation of Retaining Support

擋土支撐是確保地下開挖作業順利進行之臨時構造物，由勞動檢查年報職災統計顯示，歷年來皆有因擋土支撐作業而發生災害，顯示對於擋土支撐管理有加強的必要性。
本研究的目的在於整合國內外相關法規及施工經驗，進行擋土支撐作業安全分析，藉由擋土支撐作業的分解及職業災害案例分析，有效掌握主要工項及潛在危害，並確認擋土支撐作業中可能存在的風險。透過現場訪視及輔導的進行，及與相關業者及專家的交流座談，掌握擋土支撐災害要因並擬定防災對策。為提高擋土支撐作業安全，本研究針對擋土支撐作業與職業災害發生之關聯性，提出擋土支撐施工規劃之安全檢核管理與按圖施工技術。運用新的資通技術，包括3D圖說及建築資訊模型（Building Information Modeling, BIM）工具等，利用其資訊整合特性，建立擋土支撐3D建築資訊模型進行施工規劃的檢討，提高施工計畫的完整性及安全性，順利支援後續施作階段的按圖施工，達到提升擋土支撐安全性的目的。
本研究提出之擋土支撐施工作業規劃及安全檢核流程，除提供勞動檢查機構及監造單位進行檢查之依據，亦供營造業者作為擋土支撐規劃及施工時參考，可有效降低可能之作業安全風險，避免職業災害的發生。

Earth-retaining support is a temporary structure to ensure the smooth progress of underground excavation. According to the occupational accident statistics in the annual labor inspection report, there have been disasters caused by earth-retaining support operations over the years, which shows that it is necessary to strengthen the management of earth-retaining supports.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety of earth-retaining support operations by integrating relevant regulations and construction experience. By analyzing the process of earth-retaining support operations and investigating occupational disaster cases, we can effectively grasp the main construction items and potential hazards. Through on-site visits, counseling, and discussions with relevant industry experts, we can grasp the causes of earth-retaining support disasters and formulate disaster prevention countermeasures. To improve the safety of retaining support operations, this study aims at the correlation between earth-retaining support operations and occupational hazards. It proposes safety inspection management and drawing-based construction technology for earth-retaining support construction planning. Using new information and communication technologies, including 3D illustrations and building information modeling (BIM) tools, etc., to establish a 3D building information model for earth-retaining support. This model is used for the review of construction planning to improve the integrity of the construction plan and safety during construction. It can also support the construction according to the drawings in the follow-up construction stage and achieve the purpose of improving the safety of retaining support.
The reviewing process for earth-retaining support construction planning can provide labor inspection agencies and construction supervision units to carry out safety inspections. Construction companies can also use the process as a reference for earth-retaining support planning and construction. It can promote the improvement of manufacturers' professional technical capabilities and avoid occupational disasters.