世界三大宗教中心聖在何處？耶路撒冷和聖殿山筆記

What does the Holy of Holies Architecturally Mean? Studies on Jerusalem and the Temple Mount

為什麼耶路撒冷是聖地？建築上，猶太教，基督教和伊斯蘭教彼此什麼關係？三教的至聖所各有什麼特色？本文討論兩方面問題：一、猶太人的第一和第二聖殿的建築式樣;建在聖殿址上的穆斯林建築和規劃特點;聖殿山的佈局和結構發生的變化。二、耶路撒冷老城的規劃特點;城牆和城樓的設計和建造。本文從現場調查遺存和學習考古資料出發，經過梳理之後，將這些問題放入歷史地理和宗教文化框架中，進行綜合觀察，思考和提煉，由此產生詮釋。根據分析，得下述結論：非洲和歐亞大陸之間的黎凡特，在1000年的時間裡，世界末日般的戰爭環境裡的猶太人有相當發達的精神世界。這種豐富的精神生活奠定了耶路撒冷日後為世界三大宗教中心的基礎。三教彼此相關，卻是三個各有特色的至聖建築文化。

Why is Jerusalem holy? What is the relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam? What are the characteristics of the Holy of Holies of the three religions? This article discusses two questions: First, the architectural styles of the First Temple and the Second Temple, features of the Muslim architecture and planning built upon the site of the Jewish temple, changes in the layout and structure of the Temple Mount. Second, the planning features of Jerusalem, design and construction of the city-walls and towers. This research starts from in-situ investigations of the architectural remains and studies of the archaeological reports, then put them into the historical framework of geography and religion. The comprehensive study and comparative analysis result in interpretative outcome. It is concluded that the Levant between Africa and Eurasia, over a period of 1,000 years (the first United Kingdom of Israel to the Kingdom of Herod), Jews in an apocalyptic war environment developed a strong spirit. The rich spiritual culture laid the foundation for Jerusalem’s future status as the world's three major religions centers. The three religions are closely related to each other, but each is unique in the world architecture.