從理念到實踐：論大學理念與中原通識的博雅精神

From Idea to Practice: On the Idea of a University and the Liberal Spirit of General Education at Chung Yuan Christian University

現代大學的運作與其教育理念息息相關，一如紐曼（Newman, J. H.）所撰《大學的理念》（The Idea of a University）即經常為教育學者一再引述，他對於大學教育的本質、目的與精神，以及博雅教育的內涵迄今影響深遠。又，如果「通識課程」是當代落實傳統博雅教育的主要方式，那麼各校「大學理念」內涵的確立即是其規劃通識課程的總綱領，本文即據此觀點討論大學理念與中原通識精神。篇名所言從理念到實踐，其「理念」部分主要指對西方大學理念發展史的分析，「實踐」部分即指如何通過通識教育「落實大學理念」。又因現代大學理念多源自西方中世紀大學，而今日大學通識課程基礎也源自於西方的博雅教育，因此探討中原通識發展時，亦應先了解西方的博雅教育史中主要的辯論類型與重要的問題意識，以其為規劃當前通識教育的理想藍圖。基於上述思考，本文將依序探討大學理念的定義與內涵、大學理念與通識教育、以大學理念做為通識課程基礎的原因，以及中原通識及其基督教精神等向度。

The management direction of modern universities is highly related to the historical changes in its basic theories and educational ideals. For example, Newman's“The Idea of the University”is often cited by education scholars. He has a profound understanding of the nature, purpose and spirit of university education, as well as the connotation of liberal arts education. The impact has been profound so far. Furthermore, if“general education”is the contemporary way to implement the spirit of“liberal education,”then the establishment of each school's unique“university philosophy”connotation is the general outline for planning its general curriculum. Based on this point of view, this article discusses the philosophy of the university and the spirit of general education at Chung Yuan Christian University.
The title of this article goes from“idea”to“practice.”The idea refers to the history of western universities, and the practice refers to how to implement the idea of the university through“general education.”And because most of the modern university concepts originated from Western medieval universities, and the“general curriculum foundation”of today's universities also originated from western liberal arts education, when discussing the general education of Chung Yuan Christian University, we must first understand the idea of the western university. At the same time, we should also know the main debate models in the history of western liberal arts education as a reference for planning the future general education of our school. Based on the above thinking, this article will sequentially explore the definition of“the Idea of the University,”the university philosophy and general education, the reasons for using“he Idea of the University”as the basis of the general education curriculum structure, and the general education of Chung Yuan Christian University and its Christian spirit.