跨國大型商業精子銀行之發展史、社會脈絡與當前現況

The Development History, Social Context and Current Situation of International Sperm Banks

跨國大型商業精子銀行在近三十年間展現廣泛的影響力，成為單身女性與女同志追求生育自主、構建家庭之常見策略。但當前全球既有研究仍顯分布不均，臺灣亦少見相關論述，故本研究擬聚焦於分析跨國大型商業精子銀行的發展歷史、社會脈絡與條件，以及其相應的結果與影響，以利未來因應此一現象。本研究主要採用文獻及次級資料分析方法，輔以研究者之田野觀察與訪談筆記作為參照，材料蒐集與分析工作主要落在2016年至2020年間。研究發現，依據時間軸與特定事件，可將跨國大型商業精子銀行之發展，概分為「實驗與創立」、「擴張與整併」、「主導與鏈結」三個階段，該過程展現了商業化與專業化等特徵。跨國大型商業精子銀行兼具了不同供體精子獲取管道之優點，其成為全球供體精子網絡中的要角，可被視作是現代社會演變中的必然結果。

International commercial sperm banks（ICSB）have had a wide-reaching influence in the past three decades. They have become a common strategy for single women and lesbians to pursue reproductive autonomy and build families. However, related global studies are not evenly distributed, and there are few relevant discussions in Taiwan. Therefore, this study intends to focus on analyzing the development history, social context and conditions of ICSB, as well as the corresponding result and impact. This research mainly uses secondary data analysis. The research notes from the field observations and interviews in different countries and the Internet serve as cross references with the materials mentioned above. The material collection and analysis work was mainly conducted between 2016 and 2020. This study found that, according to the timeline and specific events, the development of ICSB can be roughly divided into three stages:“experimentation and establishment”,“expansion and consolidation”, and“dominance and linkage”. The process demonstrates the characteristics such as commercialization and specialization. The ICSB basically combines the advantages of various channels, and it plays a key role in the global donor sperm network, which can almost be regarded as an inevitable result of the evolution of modern society.