以時間與空間限制的角度探討次動作的控制機制與特性

Investigating the control processes and characteristics of sub-movements under space-time constraints

次動作與間斷性快速瞄準動作表現是運動控制領域被廣為探討與應用的議題之一。探討這類型動作的研究結果提供運動科學領域豐富的知識，從僅對動作空間準確度與動作穩定性的探討，到了解在快與準消長現象下，動作時間的改變如何影響動作表現基本單位的建構。至今將時-空工作限制整合對於動作表現的領悟，運動控制學者經由檢驗間斷性簡單動作，獲得許多基本運動控制的知識。過去以速度與準確度消長現象為代表性的大量研究，充分討論了短時間、快速度對動作表現的影響，而次動作的產生皆歸因於人體系統憑藉視知覺來調整動作移動過程裡可能產生的誤差。然而，近期文獻針對慢速瞄準動作與無視覺介入的工作限制加以探討，亦觀察到相似運動學參數的次動作型態。有鑑於此，次動作的特徵以及視知覺影響和動作準確度取決於工作限制以及它們之間的交互作用。儘管視覺對於空間限制工作的動作準確度至關重要，但時間限制工作下的動作表現未必能受到幫助。無論何種工作限制，次動作的數量和特徵都會直接影響動作時間。

Extensive research has been conducted on discrete aiming movements and their associated sub-movements in the field of motor control, which has provided valuable insights for sports science. Specifically, this research has contributed to a better understanding of the phenomenon in speed and accuracy trade-offs. By analyzing seemingly simple movement performances that serve as the building blocks for more complex movements, previous literature has gained significant knowledge by taking into account both temporal and spatial task constraints. The effects of short duration and speed of rapid aiming movement have been explored, with sub-movements attributed to visual perception that adjusts for possible errors during movement. Recent literature has also examined slow aiming movements and manipulation without vision, observing sub-movement patterns with similar kinematic parameters. Therefore, the characteristics of sub-movements and their effects on visual perception and movement accuracy depend on task constraints and their interaction. While vision is crucial for the success of spatial constraint tasks, time-constrained tasks may not benefit from it. The number and characteristics of sub-movements directly impact movement time, regardless of the task constraint.