以設施場所四大要素探討國內環境教育設施場所遭逢問題及經營策略之研究

Problems and Management Strategies of Environmental Education Facilities and Venues in Taiwan Based on Four Elements

環境教育設施、場所（以下全文簡稱「環教場域」）係環境教育重要的戶外教學場所及管道。依周儒、林明瑞與蕭瑞棠（2000）研究結果，一個場域若要有效經營，且能吸引人潮，必須同時具備活動方案、設施、人員及營運管理等四要素，而目前政府亦大致依此四要素對場域進行審查。因此本研究以四大要素為準則檢視國內環教場域，以了解各場域經營現況及所面臨的問題，並提出有效策略。
本研究發展出環教場域問卷，發放全國232個場域，共發出464份，有效問卷205份，回收率46.9%。檢視Cronbach’sα為.814，具內部一致性信度。
本研究發現，場域在志工、認證人員與課程專業人員尚顯不足。應主動招募志工，並鼓勵人員至環境學習機構參與課程，以補足人力及專業素養。另外，場域大多設施及經營管理部分在法規要求上表現良好，惟應強化優質的服務，以吸引更多人前來；經費支用亦須做好內控機制，提升有效執行率。然而，場域在行銷方案上執行低落，可舉辦聯合促銷、套裝行程等多元行銷方案；或是選擇民眾喜歡的代言人行銷，讓其主動前來。課程發展部分，場域提供國小、國中及一般民眾課程方面，表現良好。應再加強發展高中、大學及技能體驗等課程；並透過議題討論，加強參訪者對於環境行動的實踐力。

Environmental education facilities and venues are important places for outdoor environmental education in schools. According to Zhou, Lin, and Hsiao (2000), if a facility or venue is to operate effectively and attract people, it must be equipped with four elements: program plans, facilities, personnel, and operating management. The current study examines facilities or venues for certification based on these four elements. Therefore, this study examines environmental education facilities and venues in Taiwan based on these four elements to understand the current operating status and problems faced by each facility or venue and to propose effective strategies.
Therefore, this study developed an environmental education facility or venue questionnaire and mailed them to 232 environmental education facilities and venues in Taiwan. In total, 464 questionnaires were sent out. We received 205 valid questionnaires, with the total return rate was 46.9%. The Cronbach'sαcoefficient of internal consistency was .814, which shows very high reliability.
This study found that the quality of volunteers, certificate recipients, and program professionals are still inadequate in the venues. We recommend actively recruiting volunteers and encouraging staff to attend courses at environmental learning institutions to meet their human resources and professional qualifications. Additionally, most facilities and operating management meet regulatory requirements. However, facilities and venues should enhance quality services to attract more people to visit. These sights also need to improve the internal control mechanism for expenses to enhance the effective execution rate. In terms of marketing, the results show that the marketing plans and media marketing are not well executed. In addition to increasing the proportion of marketing in various media, they can also organize and conduct joint promotions, packages, and other diversified marketing programs. Or, they could choose a spokesperson that the public likes and have them come and visit the facilities or venues. For curriculum development, the facilities and venues are doing well in providing programs for elementary and junior high schools and the public. These facilities and venues should strengthen programs for high schools, universities, and skill experiences. Through discussions on environmental issues, the participants can raise their commitment to environmental action.