2022年憲法發展回顧

Constitutional Development in Review: 2022

2022年是個變動年。許多國際或國內重要議題的發展，都具有高度憲法上的權利保障與權力制約的意涵，內國與國際高度關連互動，更容易引發憲法政治的衝擊與迴響。
從憲法脈絡的角度看憲政發展，必須理解憲法規範秩序，在成文憲法的文字脈絡內與文本之外，都隨著國際與國內政治經濟社會文化條件，而處於變動演繹中。因而，2022年憲法回顧，將從動態憲法變遷的角度觀察，並分別從憲法修改，司法審查，立法及政策發展等面向觀察。
變動國際秩序下的臺灣，於2022年順利完成了九合一地方大選，與選舉同時舉行的18歲修憲公民複決卻宣告功敗垂成，重創當前修憲機制的信心。憲法訴訟法在2022年正式實施，新制第一年的整體憲法判決所反應的風格與趨勢，值得關注。而國會立法與重要議題的發展與論辯，也反應國際局勢氛圍與公民社會的量能，反映了公民憲政主義的內涵。

A general review of 2022 found it to be a year with massive changes both in international or Taiwan’s domestic politics, from the perspective of constitutional development. Major happenings along the line of constitutional rights advocacy or check and balance of powers have had profound significance to democratic constitutionalism in Taiwan.
A contextual investigation into the dynamics of constituional order would have to deal with but go beyond textual constructions into socio-economic and politcial underpinnings. In line with three routes of constitutional change, revisions, judicial review and political actions, this annual review traces major events and practices and their contextual constitutional underpinnings in Taiwan. The failed constitutional referendum for the voting rights and its reflections to the feasibility of the current consitutinal revision mechanism, yearly practice of the new judicial review system by the Constitutional Court, and quasi-constitutional legislation in controversy are analyzed in this review.
This review finds corresponding impacts of of international geopolitical tensions to Taiwan’s constitutional politics in constitutional revisions, legislative deliberation, and public advocacy in 2022. Strong civil engagements in constitutional political space in the wake of civil constitutionalism were also observed.