由LADM觀點探討我國時間地籍資料之設計策略

A LADM Perspective towards the Design Strategies of Temporal Information for Taiwan Cadastral Data

地理資料之記錄內容為於特定時間之成果，但時間因素卻常被忽略，即使納入考量，其表示也常由各領域自行設計，造成跨領域資料解讀與整合應用之困難。面對這樣的異質性挑戰，由標準之觀點而在時間描述上建立共識是最具效益之作法，本研究以ISO19152土地管理領域模型（LADM, Land Administration Domain Model）為原型，探討因應我國地籍系統各類時間特性之設計策略。LADM之特色之一為以版本物件（VersionedObject）及來源（Source）為上層之時間描述架構，以繼承關係發展出標準化之時間描述。本研究提出兩項設計策略，首先探討我國各類別地籍資料繼承前述上層類別後之時間語意、設計規則及相互關連；無法透過此共同架構描述之時間特性再由語意觀點擴充設計為具有互操作性之共識描述架構。研究成果顯示VersionedObject適合於詮釋地籍系統有效時間範圍（valid temporal extent）之概念，Source則適用於各類地籍操作及相關文件之描述，但實務上仍須因應我國使用詞彙發展語意轉譯規則，擴充之時間語意建議透過標準化詞彙或代碼而擴充設計，如此可使我國地籍資料之設計綱要兼具相容國際標準及描述我國地籍資料時間特性之能力，符合發展LADM profile（子標準）之需求。後續研究可進一步分析不同語意時間與地理資料結合之機制，以在跨域資料整合時，進一步發展基於標準化時間描述之處理規則，從而建立正確之時間分析成果。

The recorded content of geographic data is the result collected at a specific time, but the temporal aspect is often ignored during data schema design. Even if it is taken into account, the various domain-specific design nevertheless impedes the cross-domain data integration and increases the complexity of developing interoperable applications. The most effective way for resolving such heterogeneity challenge is to develop a consensus of time description from a standardization perspective. Based on the ISO19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard, this research examines the design strategy for modelling the various temporal characteristics of Taiwan cadastral data. One distinct feature of LADM is the inheritance of class architecture based on the upper-level classes, namely, the VersionedObject and the Source class, with common temporal descriptions. This design enables all the inherited classes to have standardized temporal descriptions to meet interoperable application demands. Two design strategies are proposed in this research. The first strategy focuses on the modelling of semantics, rules and interrelationships of the temporal aspect in Taiwan cadastral data following the inheritance architecture of LADM. Those temporal characteristics not supported by this common framework are then expanded according to their corresponding semantics afterwards. The combination of inheritance and expansion forms a consensus and interoperable temporal description framework. The research results show VersionedObject can be used for modelling the concept of Valid Temporal Extent in the cadastral system, and Source is suitable for the description of various cadastral operations, but semantic translation based on the vocabularies used in current cadastral systems is necessary. There remain some temporal aspects that can only be modelled via expanded design by additionally introducing standardized vocabularies or codes. The proposed schema meets the demands of profile design according to the LADM standard and the comprehensive modelling of the temporal characteristics of Taiwan cadastral data. In the future, the mechanism can be further expanded for integrating geographic data according to temporal semantics, so as the rules based on standardized temporal descriptions can serve as the basis for establishing correct analysis results from the temporal perspective.