臺灣閩南語起興歌謠之考察──以〈板橋查某〉為例

An investigation of the rise of Hokkien ballads in Taiwan—taking ''Banqiao Woman'' as an example

自明治41年（1908）縱貫鐵道通車，透由火車的運輸，改變民眾的交通習慣，也令南北便捷易達。臺灣民眾在享受科技帶來方便之餘，也將搭乘期間所感受的旅程與各地的人文風情化為歌謠，這些歌謠雖非名家所譜曲、填詞，由於曲調清新、歌詞活潑，甚得普羅大眾所喜愛，很快即在民間傳播成為俚歌俗曲。
臺灣族群多元，各族群均有歌謠創作。鐵道縱貫西部平原，所經之處多為平原處，故火車歌謠中，以閩南族群創作最多。在眾多的閩南火車歌謠中又以「火車起行」、「火車欲行」為起興的歌謠最多，流傳臺灣南北各地，具有口傳性、集體性、變異性……等民間文學特色。
〈火車起行〉最早見於李獻璋《臺灣民間文學》，本無題目，為七言四句的歌行體。民間歌謠由林福裕譜曲，曲目定為「板橋查某」。1980年原野三重唱重新詮釋，出版〈板橋查某〉的《臺灣民謠：板橋查某》同名專輯。演唱中搭配列車行進及月臺便當叫賣聲，唱出臺灣鐵道特色，曲調清新、節奏明快，容易混音合聲，甚至搭配演出，成為臺灣各大合唱演出中常見曲目。
隨著電視的普及率增加，大眾傳播更為發達，也令「板橋查某」為民眾耳熟能詳。本研究將藉由「板橋查某」為基礎，探究臺灣閩南語民間歌謠中起興形式的相關歌謠，透過收集、整理、分析，探究歌謠的分布與流變，從中探究歌謠內容與時代意義。

Since the railway was opened to traffic in the 41st year of Meiji (1908), train transportation has changed people's transportation habits and made the north and south more convenient and accessible. In addition to enjoying the convenience brought by technology, Taiwanese people have also turned the journeys they experienced during the ride and the cultural customs of various places into songs. Although these songs were not composed or written by famous artists, they are very popular with the general public because of their fresh tunes and lively lyrics. It was so loved that it quickly spread among the people and became a folk song.
Taiwan has a diverse ethnic group, and each ethnic group has created songs. The railway runs through the western plains, and most of the places it passes through are plains. Therefore, the majority of train songs are composed by the ethnic groups in Taiwan. Among the many train ballads in Taiwan, the most popular ones are ''The train is starting'' and ''The train is about to go''. They are spread throughout Taiwan and have the characteristics of folk literature such as oral transmission, collectiveness, variability...
''The Train Sets Off'' was first seen in Li Xianzhang's Taiwan Folk Literature. It has no title and is a seven-character and four-sentence song. The folk song was composed by Lin Fuyu, and the track was named ''Banqiao Woman''. In 1980, Wilderness Trio reinterpreted the song and released the album of the same name titled Taiwanese Folk Songs: Banqiao Woman by ''Banqiao Woman''. The singing is accompanied by the sound of the train moving and the platform lunch box hawking, which brings out the characteristics of Taiwan's railways. The tune is fresh and fast-paced, and it is easy to mix the chorus and even perform it together. It has become a common repertoire in major chorus performances in Taiwan.
As the popularity of television increases, mass communication becomes more developed, making ''Banqiao Woman'' familiar to the public. This study will use ''Banqiao Woman'' as a basis to explore the related forms of ballads that emerged in Taiwan's Hokkien folk songs. Through collection, organization, and analysis, we will explore the distribution and evolution of the ballads, and explore the content and era of the ballads. significance.