「雙魚宮世代」的無垠天空：論伊蓮諾・卡頓《發光體》中的占星術、奧秘身體與維多利亞時期的刑律

Infinite Sky in the“Age of Pisces”: Astrology, the Occult Body and Victorian Criminal Law in Eleanor Catton’s The Luminaries

當代紐西蘭作家伊蓮諾・卡頓(Eleanor Catton)於2013年出版的小說《發光體》(The Luminaries)，是一部以占星術為結構體系和情節推動的作品。卡頓的故事聚焦於1866年1月14日特殊天象「地球反照」下紐西蘭南岸發生的三起疑似犯罪事件，以探討這一「同步性」影響下十九世紀紐西蘭祛魅的現實世界中，占星術與法律的一次定數交錯。本文關注小說中占星術與法律作為賦予意義的系統是如何看待人這一個體以及如何揭示人的境況所蘊含的深刻內涵。論文首先探詢上述三起事件中的安娜和艾默利，鑒於作者多次在訪談中提到榮格對其小說創作的影響，故該文以榮格的煉金術史與「自性」原型來破譯這一對「靈魂雙生體」的存在與奧秘性。接著探究小說中星座原型化身的人物們在天體運行的影響下，個人是否有自我意志。論文後半部分集中討論安娜和艾默利在「淘金熱」歷史背景下，現實生活中因犯罪事件所面臨的法律糾紛。作為紐西蘭南島現實世界中的無秩序身體，安娜受制於維多利亞時期的歷史風尚與刑事政策；而作為法律層面的非物質身體，艾默利以「自然人」這一人格出現，彼時十九世紀的紐西蘭司法機構認為「自然人」的品行與刑事責任息息相關。

Eleanor Catton’s The Luminaries is a neo-Victorian novel with astrology at the heart of its narrative structure and plot development. Catton’s story is centered on a crossed destiny between astrology and written law when three unsolved crimes occur simultaneously on January 14, 1866, under the celestial phenomena of earthshine. In this paper, I examine how astrology and written law, as systems of making meaning of the world, depict the human condition in 19th-century disenchanted New Zealand. Given the author’s open admission of Jung’s influence during her composition of this novel, I deploy Jung’s history of alchemy and his archetype of the Self in the first part to decipher the nature of the main characters, Anna and Emery, as astral twins. This part also explores whether the characters, who embody constellations, have free will while under the influence of celestial motion. The latter parts of the paper investigate how Anna and Emery become embroiled in and resolve the legal disputes over their criminality during the gold rush in New Zealand. As the chaotic body in South Island, Anna is subject to the ethos and criminal policy of the Victorian period. As for Emery, being the immaterial body in terms of legislation, he is regarded as a natural person; 19th-century New Zealand judicature holds that a natural person’s character is inseparable from their criminal responsibility.