士紳化以外：臺北大稻埕的文化經濟與舊城襲產再／創造

Beyond Gentrification: Cultural Economy and Heritage (Re-)Making in the Historic District of Twatutia in Taipei

在東北亞與東南亞，歷史城區的文化導向式都市再生，常被批評：進入歷史城區的新興文化產業與當地歷史文化關係不大，並造成歷史城區的士紳化，迫遷原有傳統產業。本文以臺北大稻埕為例，對東亞文化導向式都市再生之中，文化經濟與舊城襲產關係，提出更細緻的理解。本文借用「文化永續」的概念，認為當地行動者的抱負及讓該抱負得以實踐的環境是關鍵，並指出：進入歷史城區經營的新興文化經濟體，可以透過連結在地元素開發新產品，或文化創意介入等方式，參與既有襲產的保存、復興與再創造，並在既有歷史文化基礎之上，創造出新的襲產，實現文化永續的可能；同時，歷史城區的傳統文化和襲產亦並非被動地受影響，而可以主動連結文化經濟和挪用相關論述，再造傳統，並提供平臺，支持當地文化藝術有機地演變、發展與蛻變。同時，本文指出，士紳化理論不一定能準確形容經歷文化導向式都市再生的歷史城區，亦無法涵蓋現在歷史城區遇到的困境，包括：隨著人流而來的攤販，將導致觀光同質化等問題。

In East and Southeast Asia, culture-led urban regeneration has been criticized for bringing in cultural economy activities that have few connections, if at all, with the local contexts, and leading to gentrification of the historic districts and eviction of traditional businesses. By positioning the transformation of Twatutia (Dadaocheng ) in Taipei in culture-led urban regeneration in East and Southeast Asia, this paper proposes a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between cultural economy and cultural heritage in historic districts. By developing the concept of“cultural sustainability’, I argue that the local actors’aspirations and the environments that allow the realization of their aspirations are key factors. With such actors and environment, the emerging cultural economy is able to create new cultural products by embedding local elements, and preserve, regenerate, and remake local cultural heritage through creative intervention. Emerging cultural economy can make new heritage by engaging with existing local traditions. Cultural sustainability can thus be achieved. Besides, preservers of traditional cultures and cultural heritage in historic districts can also actively engage with the discourses and practices of cultural economy to remake the local traditions. They can also provide a platform for the evolution, development, and transformation of local cultural and art scenes. This paper also argues that“gentrification”is not necessarily a useful theoretical intervention towards historic districts which underwent culture-led urban regeneration because they encounter problems beyond the notion of“gentrification”, including the influx of vendors that will lead to the homogenization of tourist experience.